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    Aesthetic breast perception among Turkish population
    (Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, 2015) Kamburoğlu, Haldun; Altuntaş, Zeynep; Yavuz, Nurten; Kıvanç, Özgen; Dadacı, Mustafa; Evrenos, Mustafa Kürşat; Selimoğlu, Nebil
    Introduction: Breast tissue has different composition, density, projection, position and shape among population. In literature, there are many studies that discuss the aesthetic shape or the anthropometry of breast tissue. But there is not much study which tries to find out the aesthetic perception of population. In this study we would like to find out Turkish people's aesthetic perception of the breast. Materials and Methods: This study was performed through a web site 'www.breastsurvey.net'. Nine demographic questions were asked to the participants (age, gender, education, monthly income, profession, marital status, number of children, city and country). Then the participants were asked to choose one from the 20 draw-arts, which range from AA to D cup size (AA, A, B, C, D) and from 38 to 44mm (38-40-42-44) areola. Breast sizes are calculated and drawn according to the EN13402 European Union Standard. Results: Four hundred and thirty seven people participated in our survey. Two hundred and four of them were male and 233 of them were female. D cup size was mostly preferred with a percentage of 70% among males. Similarly, D cup size was mostly preferred among female participants with a percentage of 40%. D cup size's popularity did not change in other subgroups (such as age, gender, education, monthly income, profession, marital status, number of children, city), either. Conclusion: If the breast shape is 'aesthetically perfect', bigger cup sizes (like 'D') are preferred in Turkish population regardless of socio-economic status. . In other words, the bigger is the better, in case it is beautiful.
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    Ozone Prevents Cochlear Damage From Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Guinea Pigs
    (WILEY, 2017) Onal, Merih; Elsürer, Çağdaş; Selimoğlu, Nebil; Yılmaz, Mustafa; Erdoğan, Ender; Çelik, Jale Bengi; Kal, Öznur
    The cochlea is an end organ, which is metabolically dependent on a nutrient and oxygen supply to maintain its normal physiological function. Cochlear ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury is considered one of the most important causes of human idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. The aim of the present study was to study the efficacy of ozone therapy against cochlear damage caused by IR injury and to investigate the potential clinical use of this treatment for sudden deafness. Twenty-eight guinea pigs were randomized into four groups. The sham group (S) (n=7) was administered physiological saline intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 7 days. The ozone group (O) (n=7) was administered 1mg/kg of ozone i.p. for 7 days. In the IR + O group (n=7), 1 mg/kg of ozone was administered i.p. for 7 days before IR injury. On the eighth day, the IR + O group was subjected to cochlear ischemia for 15min by occluding the bilateral vertebral artery and vein with a nontraumatic clamp and then reperfusion for 2h. The IR group was subjected to cochlear IR injury. After the IR procedure, the guinea pigs were sacrificed on the same day. In a general histological evaluation, cochlear and spiral ganglionic tissues were examined with a light microscope, and apoptotic cells were counted by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. The apoptotic index (AI) was then calculated. Blood samples were sent for analyses of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), the total oxidant score (TOS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Data were evaluated statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The AI was highest in the IR group. The AI of the IR + O group was lower than that of the IR group. The biochemical antioxidant parameters SOD and GSH-Px and the TAC values were highest in the O group and lowest in the IR group. The MDA level and TOS were highest in the IR group and lowest in the O group. Controlled ozone administration stimulated endogenous antioxidant defense systems, thereby helping the body to combat IR injury. Although this study revealed a statistically significant decrease in cochlear IR damage following ozone therapy, further studies will be necessary to explain the protective mechanisms of ozone therapy in cochlear IR injury.
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    Postconditioning ozone alleviates ischemia-reperfusion injury and enhances flap endurance in rats
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd, 2020) Elsürer, Çağdaş; Önal, Merih; Selimoğlu, Nebil; Erdur, Ömer; Yılmaz, Mustafa; Erdoğan, Ender; Kal, Öznur; Çelik, Jale Bengi; Önal, Özkan
    Muscle-flap transferring is a routine approach utilized in reconstructive operations; however, flap morbidity is often a source of post-operative difficulty. Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (IRI) is an important contributor to the viability of flaps after transferring. The goal of this research was for assess the probable useful impacts of ozone on flap survival in a rat muscle-flap design. Materials and Methods: We examined the effects of postconditioning ozone administration on viability of pedicled composite flaps. Twenty-eight Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: sham-operated (S), ischemia-reperfusion (IR), sham-operated + ozone (O), IR + ozone (IR + O), respectively. The animals were sacrificed on the eighth day. In a general histological evaluation, flap tissues were examined with a light microscope, and apoptotic cells were counted. The Apoptotic Index (AI) was then calculated. Flap-tissue samples were sent for analyses of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and protein carbonyl (PCO), and blood samples were sent for analyses of Total Oxidant Score (TOS), and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC). Data were evaluated statistically using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: The histomorphometric score was remarkably greater in O (p =.002). The AI was greater in IR (p =.002). The antioxidant parameters values as regards SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, and TAC were found to be greater in O (p <.005). The oxidant parameters values as regards MDA, PCO, TOS were found to be greater in IR (p <.005). Discussion: The current research indicates that ozone application can attenuate the muscle-flap injury brought about by IR through triggering the increase of the antioxidant capacity.