Türkiye Cicer L. (nohut) cinsinin morfolojik, palinolojik, sitotaksonomik, moleküler filogenetik kapsamda revizyonu ile tohum proteini ve element analizleri yönünden incelenmesi
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Tarih
2011-06-03
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Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Gen merkezi Anadolu olan Cicer L. (Fabaceae) cinsinin, zengin yabani nohut (Cicer) çeşitliliğinden yararlanılması amacıyla morfolojik, palinolojik, sitolojik, moleküler filogeni, tohum ve toprak element analizleri yapılarak taksonlar arasındaki genetik çeşitlilik ve filogenetik ilişkiler belirlenmiştir. Moleküler çalışmalar kapsamında Türkiye Cicer cinsi taksonları ile birlikte Phaseoleae, Vicieae ve Ononideae tribuslarında yer alan Phaseolus, Vicia, Lens, Pisum ve Ononis cinslerine ait taksonlar dış grup olarak kullanılmış ve elde edilen bulgular değerlendirilerek filogenetik ilişkileri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Cicer taksonlarının kapsamlı betimleri yapılarak, cins tayin anahtarı yeniden düzenlenmiştir. Cicer türlerinin doğal habitatlarından toplanan tohumları, laboratuvar ortamında çimlendirilmiş ve somatik kromozom sayıları 2n= 14, 16, 32 olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırılan taksonların polen ve tohum yüzeyi özellikleri taramalı elektron mikroskobunda (SEM) incelenmiştir. Türler arasındaki filogenetik ilişkilerin ve aynı türün farklı lokasyonlarda yetişen populasyonları arasındaki varyasyonların belirlenmesi amacıyla moleküler yöntemlerden ITS bölgelerinin sekans analizi yapılmıştır. Ayrıca bu çalışma ile birlikte diğer araştırmaların ITS verileri birlikte kullanılarak, Cicer cinsinin, diğer yakın cinslerle arasındaki filogenetik ilişkilerin doğrusallığı değerlendirilmiştir. Moleküler ve morfolojik analizler için NTSYSpc 2.1 programı ve PAUP (Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony) (Swofford, 2003) programları kullanılmıştır. Türlerin aktüel populasyonları dikkate alınarak daha önceden değerlendirilen endemik türlerle birlikte diğer türlerin de IUCN tehlike kategorileri yeniden değerlendirilmiştir. Tohum ve toprak örnekleri üzerinde yapılan ICP analizleri, Cicer türlerinin ekolojik istekleri, yetişme koşulları ve habitatları hakkında daha detaylı veriler sağlamıştır. Yapılan arazi ve herbaryum çalışmalarıyla türlerin korolojileri tam olarak belirlenmiş ve haritalar üzerinde gösterilmiştir. Özgün bir araştırma niteliğindeki Cicer cinsinin revizyonu çerçevesinde, daha önceden yeterince toplanamamış veya çoğaltılamamış taksonların daralan gen havuzunun genişletilmesine ve bitki ıslahı için yeni ve farklı genotipler tespit edilmesine katkıda bulunulmuştur. Ayrıca bu tez çalışmaları kapsamında; daha önceden yayınlanmış olmasına rağmen floramızda yer almayan Cicer heterophyllum türünün yeniden keşfedilmesi, Cicer floribundum var. amanicola, Cicer heterophyllum var. kasanii ve Cicer incisum subsp. serpentinica'nın bilim dünyasına yeni taksonlar olarak tanıtılması ilk kez yapılmıştır.
Genetic diversity between taxa and phylogenetic relationships have been identified in Cicer L. (Fabaceae) genus, known to be originated from Anatolia, to make use of rich wild Cicer variability by means of morphological, palynological, cytological and molecular phylogeny, seed and soil analysis. Taxa of the genus Cicer and the out-group taxa belonging to the most close genera Phaseolus, Vicia, Lens, Pisum and Ononis, which are placed in Phaseoleae, Vicieae and Ononideae tribe respectively, were used in molecular studies in order to retrieve their phylogenetic relationships. The comprehensive descriptions of the genus Cicer were made and more useful keys of identification were rearranged. Seeds of the Cicer species collected from natural habitats were germinated in laboratory conditions and the somatic chromosome numbers were determined, as 2n=14, 16, 32, from their root ends. Pollen and seed coat surface features of the studied taxa were examined with detailed scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Phylogenetic relationships between species and populations of the same species growing in different locations and their variations were determined with the molecular methods performed in the regions of the ITS sequences. The data obtained from the ITS analysis and the other methods, were compared and Cicer species were studied in the presence of phylogenetically closely related genera. Molecular and morphological analyses were conducted with the softwares NTSYSpc 2.1 and PAUP. Considering the current status of the taxa in line with their current populations, besides previously considered endemic species, the IUCN categories of threat of the taxa that were previously undetermined were also evaluated. In this original study, recent molecular methods were used and the study was carried out under the revision of the genus Cicer in Turkey. ICP analysis conducted on seed and soil samples has provided detailed data on the ecological requirements of the Cicer species, including the growing conditions and their habitats. As a result of the field and herbarium studies, the corologies of the species were completely determined and they were shown on the maps. Due to unavailability of enough collected and/or propagated genetic material, the gene pool of the Cicer is currently highly narrowed. This original study has contributed to the expansion of the gene pool via the provision of new and different genotypes, and has provided new genetic material for plant breeding. During this research process C. heterophyllum, which has published and not placed in our flora, was rediscovered, and descriptions of Cicer floribundum var. amanicola, Cicer heterophyllum var. kasanii and Cicer incisum subsp. serpentinica were made for the first time.
Genetic diversity between taxa and phylogenetic relationships have been identified in Cicer L. (Fabaceae) genus, known to be originated from Anatolia, to make use of rich wild Cicer variability by means of morphological, palynological, cytological and molecular phylogeny, seed and soil analysis. Taxa of the genus Cicer and the out-group taxa belonging to the most close genera Phaseolus, Vicia, Lens, Pisum and Ononis, which are placed in Phaseoleae, Vicieae and Ononideae tribe respectively, were used in molecular studies in order to retrieve their phylogenetic relationships. The comprehensive descriptions of the genus Cicer were made and more useful keys of identification were rearranged. Seeds of the Cicer species collected from natural habitats were germinated in laboratory conditions and the somatic chromosome numbers were determined, as 2n=14, 16, 32, from their root ends. Pollen and seed coat surface features of the studied taxa were examined with detailed scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Phylogenetic relationships between species and populations of the same species growing in different locations and their variations were determined with the molecular methods performed in the regions of the ITS sequences. The data obtained from the ITS analysis and the other methods, were compared and Cicer species were studied in the presence of phylogenetically closely related genera. Molecular and morphological analyses were conducted with the softwares NTSYSpc 2.1 and PAUP. Considering the current status of the taxa in line with their current populations, besides previously considered endemic species, the IUCN categories of threat of the taxa that were previously undetermined were also evaluated. In this original study, recent molecular methods were used and the study was carried out under the revision of the genus Cicer in Turkey. ICP analysis conducted on seed and soil samples has provided detailed data on the ecological requirements of the Cicer species, including the growing conditions and their habitats. As a result of the field and herbarium studies, the corologies of the species were completely determined and they were shown on the maps. Due to unavailability of enough collected and/or propagated genetic material, the gene pool of the Cicer is currently highly narrowed. This original study has contributed to the expansion of the gene pool via the provision of new and different genotypes, and has provided new genetic material for plant breeding. During this research process C. heterophyllum, which has published and not placed in our flora, was rediscovered, and descriptions of Cicer floribundum var. amanicola, Cicer heterophyllum var. kasanii and Cicer incisum subsp. serpentinica were made for the first time.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Cicer, Fabaceae, Leguminosae, Revizyon, Moleküler filogeni, Türkiye, Revision, Molecular phylogeny
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Öztürk, M. (2011). Türkiye Cicer L. (nohut) cinsinin morfolojik, palinolojik, sitotaksonomik, moleküler filogenetik kapsamda revizyonu ile tohum proteini ve element analizleri yönünden incelenmesi.Selçuk Üniversitesi, Yayımlanmış doktora tezi, Konya.
