H.1259/ M.1843 tarihli cizye defterlerine göre Kayseri’de Rum ve Ermeniler
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2013
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Karaman eyaletindeki şehir ve sancaklar içerisinde Kayseri, bünyesinde barındırdığı gayrimüslim nüfus itibariyle her dönemde öne çıkmıştır. Gayrimüslimlerin buradaki sayıca kabarıklığı, SelçukluBizans mücadeleleri esnasında Bizans imparatorluğunun takip ettiği tehcir siyasetiyle ilişkilendirilmiş ve mevcut yapı Osmanlı Devleti'nin sonlarına kadar devam etmiştir. Nitekim 19. yüzyıl seyahatname kitapları, vergi kayıtları ve nüfus sayımlarına göre, şehir ve çevresinde ciddi bir gayrimüslim nüfusun varlığı görülmektedir. Bu çerçevede araştırmanın gayrimüslimlerin cizye vergilerine yönelik hazırlanmış iki defterdeki kayıtlar da bu hususu teyit eder mahiyettedir. dayandığı tarihli Kayseri sancağındaki gayrimüslimlerin cizye vergilerine yönelik hazırlanmış iki defterdeki kayıtlar da bu hususu teyit eder mahiyettedir. İncelenen dönemde Kayseri sancağı Kayseri, Develü, İncesu, Karahisar, Sarıoğlan ve Zamantu kazalarından oluşmakta ve bu kazalarda Ermeni ve Rumlar ayrı ayrı kayıtlı oldukları mahalle ve köylere göre yazılmışlardır. İlk defter ikamet ettikleri yerlerinde bulunan ve cizye vergilerini ödeyenlere, diğeri kayıtlı oldukları mahalleri terk edip başka yerlere giden ve cizye vergilerini de bulundukları yerlerde vermeleri istenenlere aittir. XIX. yüzyılın ortalarına doğru Ege ve Çukurova bölgelerinde tarımsal üretimin artmaya başlamasıyla birlikte iş gücü açığa çıkmaya başlamış, bu açık Doğu ve Orta Anadolu'dan gelenlerle kapatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Göçler tarım sektörünün yanında çeşitli meslek kollarıyla da yoğunluk kazanmıştır. Bu bağlamda Kayseri ve çevresinden de başta İstanbul, İzmir ve Adana olmak üzere çeşitli bölgelere doğru büyük bir göç dalgası yaşanmıştır. Cizye vergisi kendi içinde üç sınıfa ayrılmış, Kayseri şehir merkezi, kaza merkezleri ve köylerindeki gayrimüslimlerden genellikle orta ve düşük seviyeden cizye vergisi alınmıştır. Buradaki Ermeni ve Rumlar birbirinden farklı meslek kollarında faaliyet göstermişlerdir.
Among the sanjaks and the cities in Karaman Province, Kayseri, came into prominence in each period in terms of its non-Muslim population. The preponderance of the non-Muslims in there has been associated with the relocation policy, imposed by the Byzantine Empire during the struggles between the Seljuks and the Byzantines and the existing structure had kept on till the end of the Ottoman Empire. Thus, a large Muslim population can be seen in and around the city in 19th century traveller notes, tax records and censuses. In this concept, the records in two registers in 1843, being the basis of our study, prepared for the jizya taxes of thenon-Muslims in Kayseri sanjak, are thought to be the sufficient materials to confirm this case. In the analysed period, Kayseri Sanjak occured from Kayseri, Develü, İncesu, Karahisar, Sarıoğlan and Zaman tu district and Armenians and Rums have been written according to districts and villages where they were registered separately. First register is belong to those who paid their Jizya taxes in their places of residence, second register is belong to those who went else where by leaving from their places of residence and was wanted to pay in places of residence. Towards middle of the nineteenth century, labors hortage emerged with the increase of agricultural production in the Aegean and Çukurova areas; this shortage was struggled to be balanced with those who came from east and middle Anatolia. The migrations intensified with various professions in addition agricultural sector. In this connection, there was a large wave of immigration from Kayseri and its areas to towards variety regions and particularly to İstanbul, İzmir, Adana. Jizya tax in itself was divided into three classes, Jizya tax were generally taken as middle and low-level from non-muslims in Kayseri city center, district centers and village, Armenians and Rums, in there, operated in different Professional sectors
Among the sanjaks and the cities in Karaman Province, Kayseri, came into prominence in each period in terms of its non-Muslim population. The preponderance of the non-Muslims in there has been associated with the relocation policy, imposed by the Byzantine Empire during the struggles between the Seljuks and the Byzantines and the existing structure had kept on till the end of the Ottoman Empire. Thus, a large Muslim population can be seen in and around the city in 19th century traveller notes, tax records and censuses. In this concept, the records in two registers in 1843, being the basis of our study, prepared for the jizya taxes of thenon-Muslims in Kayseri sanjak, are thought to be the sufficient materials to confirm this case. In the analysed period, Kayseri Sanjak occured from Kayseri, Develü, İncesu, Karahisar, Sarıoğlan and Zaman tu district and Armenians and Rums have been written according to districts and villages where they were registered separately. First register is belong to those who paid their Jizya taxes in their places of residence, second register is belong to those who went else where by leaving from their places of residence and was wanted to pay in places of residence. Towards middle of the nineteenth century, labors hortage emerged with the increase of agricultural production in the Aegean and Çukurova areas; this shortage was struggled to be balanced with those who came from east and middle Anatolia. The migrations intensified with various professions in addition agricultural sector. In this connection, there was a large wave of immigration from Kayseri and its areas to towards variety regions and particularly to İstanbul, İzmir, Adana. Jizya tax in itself was divided into three classes, Jizya tax were generally taken as middle and low-level from non-muslims in Kayseri city center, district centers and village, Armenians and Rums, in there, operated in different Professional sectors
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kayseri, Gayrimüslim, Rum, Ermeni
Kaynak
Turkish Studies (Elektronik)
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
8
Sayı
11
Künye
Yörük, D. (2013). Bir H.1259/ M.1843 Tarihli Cizye Defterlerine Göre Kayseri’de Rum Ve Ermeniler. Turkish Studies (Elektronik), 8(11), 439-466.
