Hasat Sonrası UV-C Uygulamalarının Bazı Sert Çekirdekli Meyve Türlerinde Muhafaza Süresince Meyve Kalitesine Etkileri
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Başta kiraz olmak üzere erik ve kayısı son yıllarda iklimsel zararlanmaların neden olduğu
dalgalanmalara rağmen ülkemizde üretim miktarları artış gösteren önemli meyve türlerindendir. Artan
üretim miktarına bağlı olarak bu ürünlerde hasat sonrası uygulamaların önemi gün geçtikçe artmaktadır.
Bu ürünlerde hasat sonrası yumuşama, renk değişimleri, tat ve aromadaki kayıplar ile fizyolojik ve
patolojik kaynaklı bozulmalar nedeniyle kalite özelliklerini hızla kaybetmekte ve muhafaza süresi
kısalmaktadır. Hasat sonrası ürünlere uygulanan kimyasal ve fiziksel yöntemler çürümenin azaltılması ve
kalitenin korunmasında önemli etkiye sahiptirler. Ultraviole ışık uygulanmış ürünlerde meyve yüzeyine
bulunan mikroorganizmalar yeniden çoğalma kabiliyetlerini kaybetmekte, savunmada etkili olan
enzimlerin aktivitesi artmakta, bakteriyel gelişim engellenmekte ve hastalıklara dayanımla ilgili gen
ekspresyonuna neden olmakta, bunların sonucunda meyve ve sebzelerde olgunlaşma ve yaşlanma
geciktirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada ‘0900 Ziraat’ kiraz, ‘Angeleno’ erik ve ‘Roxana’ kayısı çeşitlerinde
farklı sürelerde UV-C ışık uygulamalarının soğukta muhafaza ve raf ömrü koşullarında meyve kalitesine
etkileri araştırılmıştır. Ticari olum aşamasında hasat edilen kiraz ve sert olum aşamasında hasat edilen
kayısı ve erik meyveleri uygun koşullarda Selçuk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümüne
ait laboratuvara getirilmiştir. Burada bir örnek olacak şekilde seçilen meyveler UV-C ışık uygulaması
yapılmak üzere 4 farklı sürede (5, 10, 20 ve 30 dakika) bu amaç için özel tasarlanmış kabin içerisinde
tutulmuştur. Uygulamalar sonrasında meyveler her üç tür için de 1 °C ve %90 oransal nem içeren soğuk
hava deposunda kiraz ve kayısı her iki yılda 35 gün, erik ise ilk yıl 90 gün ikinci yıl 120 gün süreyle
muhafaza edilmiştir. Kiraz ve kayısı meyveleri 7 gün, erik meyveleri ise 15 gün arayla depodan
çıkartılarak örneklerin yarısı hemen, kalan yarısı da 20 °C ve %65 oransal nem içeren raf ömrü
koşullarında bekletildikten sonra fiziksel ve biyokimyasal (ağırlık kaybı, meyve eti sertliği, meyve kabuk
rengi, meyve et rengi, suda çözünebilir kuru madde miktarı, titre edilebilir asitlik miktarı, olgunluk
indeksi, duyusal analiz, kiraz sapı toplam klorofil miktarı, toplam fenolik madde miktarı, toplam
antioksidan aktivite miktarı, toplam antosiyanin miktarı, çürüme oranı, poligalakturonaz enzim aktivitesi)
değişimler tespit edilmiştir.
Üç meyve türünde de hem soğukta depolama hem de raf ömrü süresince UV-C uygulamalarının
kontrol ile karşılaştırıldığında kalite özelliklerinin korunmasında etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. UV-C
uygulama süreleri arasında kiraz meyvelerinde 10 dak, kayısı ve erik meyvelerinde ise 10 ve 20 dak
sürelerinin daha etkili sonuçlar verdiği tespit edilmiştir. 5 dak UV-C uygulamasının birçok kalite
parametresini korumada yeterli olmadığı belirlenirken, 30 dak UV-C uygulamasının özellikle meyve
yüzeyinde ve kiraz saplarında kararmalara neden olması nedeniyle uygun bir süre olmadığı tespit
v
edilmiştir. Erik ve kayısı meyvelerinde birçok kalite parametresinde 10 dak ve 20 dak UV-C
uygulamalarının benzer etki göstermesi sonucunda uygulama süresinin kısa olmasının ticari olarak
önemli olması nedeniyle bu meyve türlerinde de 10 dak UV-C uygulamasının önerilebileceği tespit
edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ‘0900 Ziraat’ kiraz, ‘Angeleno’ erik ve ‘Roxana’ kayısı çeşitlerinde 10 dak UVC uygulamasının soğukta depolama ve raf ömrü koşullarında meyvelerde kalite özelliklerini koruyarak
muhafaza süresini uzatmada umut verici sonuçlar verdiği tespit edilmiştir.
The production amounts of plums, apricots and sweet cherry, in particular, have been increasing recently in Turkey in spite of certain fluctuations due to unfavourable climatic conditions sometimes occurred. In these fruits, postharvest treatments have been gathering significant interest along with the increments in production. Postharvest softening, colour change, looses in odour including decays emerging from physiological and pathological factors cause restriction in storage life and quality. Postharvest chemical and physical treatments can be effective in decreasing decay and extending the fruit quality. Ultraviolet radiation applications in fruits restrict the growth of pathogens on fruit surface, increase the enzyme activity responsible for fruit immune system and induce the expression of genes encoding to disease resistance, delaying the maturity and senescence in fruits and vegetables. In this study, the effects of UV-C light treatments at different times on fruit quality in cold storage and shelf life conditions were investigated in ‘0900 Ziraat’ cherry, ‘Angeleno’ plum and ‘Roxana’ apricot species. Cherries harvested at the commercial maturity stage and apricot and plum fruits harvested before the commercial maturity stage were brought to the Selcuk University Faculty of Agriculture, Deparment of Horticulture Laboratory under appropriate conditions. Here, after a sample fruit was selected, it was kept in a specially designed cabinet for this purpose at 4 different times (5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes) to apply UV-C light. After the applications, the fruits were stored for 35 days in both years, for cherries and apricots, for 90 days in the first year and for 120 days in the second year for plum in the cold storage containing 1 °C and 90% relative humidity for all three species. Cherry and apricot fruits are removed from the warehouse with an interval of 7 days, and plum fruits are taken out of the storrage with an interval of 15 days, and half of the samples are kept in shelf life conditions at 20 °C and 65% relative humidity (weight loss, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, maturity index, sensory analysis, cherry stem total chlorophyll, total phenolic content, total antioxidant activity, total anthocyanin content decay rate, polygalacturonase enzyme activity) changes detected. In all three fruit species, it was determined that the quality characteristics were effective in protection when compared to the control of UV-C applications during both cold storage and shelf life. Among the UV-C application times, it was determined that 10 minutes in cherry fruits, 10 and 20 minutes vii in apricot and plum fruits gave more effective results. While it was determined that 5 minutes of UV-C application was not sufficient to protect many quality parameters, it was determined that 30 minutes of UV-C application was not an appropriate time since it caused darkening especially on the fruit surface and cherry stems. It has been determined that 10 min and 20 min UV-C applications have similar effects on many quality parameters in plum and apricot fruits, and because the short application time is commercially important, 10 min UV-C application can be recommended for these fruit species as well. As a result, it was determined that 10 minutes of UV-C application in ‘0900 Ziraat’ cherry, ‘Angeleno’ plum and ‘Roxana’ apricot cultivars gave promising results in protection the quality properties of the fruits and extending the storage period under cold storage and shelf life conditions.
The production amounts of plums, apricots and sweet cherry, in particular, have been increasing recently in Turkey in spite of certain fluctuations due to unfavourable climatic conditions sometimes occurred. In these fruits, postharvest treatments have been gathering significant interest along with the increments in production. Postharvest softening, colour change, looses in odour including decays emerging from physiological and pathological factors cause restriction in storage life and quality. Postharvest chemical and physical treatments can be effective in decreasing decay and extending the fruit quality. Ultraviolet radiation applications in fruits restrict the growth of pathogens on fruit surface, increase the enzyme activity responsible for fruit immune system and induce the expression of genes encoding to disease resistance, delaying the maturity and senescence in fruits and vegetables. In this study, the effects of UV-C light treatments at different times on fruit quality in cold storage and shelf life conditions were investigated in ‘0900 Ziraat’ cherry, ‘Angeleno’ plum and ‘Roxana’ apricot species. Cherries harvested at the commercial maturity stage and apricot and plum fruits harvested before the commercial maturity stage were brought to the Selcuk University Faculty of Agriculture, Deparment of Horticulture Laboratory under appropriate conditions. Here, after a sample fruit was selected, it was kept in a specially designed cabinet for this purpose at 4 different times (5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes) to apply UV-C light. After the applications, the fruits were stored for 35 days in both years, for cherries and apricots, for 90 days in the first year and for 120 days in the second year for plum in the cold storage containing 1 °C and 90% relative humidity for all three species. Cherry and apricot fruits are removed from the warehouse with an interval of 7 days, and plum fruits are taken out of the storrage with an interval of 15 days, and half of the samples are kept in shelf life conditions at 20 °C and 65% relative humidity (weight loss, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, maturity index, sensory analysis, cherry stem total chlorophyll, total phenolic content, total antioxidant activity, total anthocyanin content decay rate, polygalacturonase enzyme activity) changes detected. In all three fruit species, it was determined that the quality characteristics were effective in protection when compared to the control of UV-C applications during both cold storage and shelf life. Among the UV-C application times, it was determined that 10 minutes in cherry fruits, 10 and 20 minutes vii in apricot and plum fruits gave more effective results. While it was determined that 5 minutes of UV-C application was not sufficient to protect many quality parameters, it was determined that 30 minutes of UV-C application was not an appropriate time since it caused darkening especially on the fruit surface and cherry stems. It has been determined that 10 min and 20 min UV-C applications have similar effects on many quality parameters in plum and apricot fruits, and because the short application time is commercially important, 10 min UV-C application can be recommended for these fruit species as well. As a result, it was determined that 10 minutes of UV-C application in ‘0900 Ziraat’ cherry, ‘Angeleno’ plum and ‘Roxana’ apricot cultivars gave promising results in protection the quality properties of the fruits and extending the storage period under cold storage and shelf life conditions.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Erik, kayısı, kiraz, UV-C, hasat sonrası, kalite, Plum, apricot, cherry, postharvest, quality
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Ünal, S., (2021). Hasat Sonrası UV-C Uygulamalarının Bazı Sert Çekirdekli Meyve Türlerinde Muhafaza Süresince Meyve Kalitesine Etkileri. (Doktora Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
