Aydin K.2020-03-262020-03-2620071016-5134https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12395/21762Hypotonia is one of the most important neurologic findings in neonatal period. The condition is usually evident at birth or is identified during early life as poor muscle tone results in an inability to maintain normal posture during movement and rest. Although neonatal hypotonia is frequently and easily recognized by the first pediatric examination of the newborn, the diagnostic work up is often complex and difficult. Advances in genetics and neurosciences have lead to recognition of newer diagnostic entities, and rapid molecular diagnosis is now possible for several conditions such as spinal muscular atrophy, congenital muscular dystrophies, and congenital myopathies. Mainly, causes of hypotonia can be divided as central or peripheral. Central causes are hypoxic lesions of the brain, chromosomal abnormalities, brain malformations, and metabolic disorders. Peripheral causes are spinal muscular atrophy and muscle disorders. Neurologic examination, neuroimaging, karyotype analysis, and molecular genetic tests are the most helpful diagnostic tools.trinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessReview1911139142N/A