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    Clinical Efficacy of Florfenicol in the Treatment of Calf Respiratory Tract Infections
    (Royal Netherlands Veterinary Assoc, 2002) Aslan, V.; Maden, Mehmet; Erganis, Osman; Birdane, Fatih Mehmet; Çorlu, M.
    This paper reports on a study of the aetiology of calf pneumonia and the clinical efficacy of florfenicol, a new antibiotic in Turkey. Twenty-seven weaned and unweaned calves (13 males and 14 females) between I and 16 months of age brought to the clinics of Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Science. Broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples were taken from the animals diagnosed to have upper respiratory tract infection associated with bronchitis (N=2), bronchitis (N=5), bronchopneumonia (N=4), pneumonia (N=3), pleuropneumonia (N=11), bronchopneumonia plus pulmonary oedema (N=2) based on the results of the clinical and laboratory examinations. Then microbiological isolation and antibiotic culturing were performed. The animals were treated with I ml/15 kg (20 mg/kg) florfenicol (Nuflor(R), DIF) twice within 48 hours via intramuscular injection. At the end of the treatment, 23 of the weaned and unweaned calves were completely healed, I calf had died and 3 calves showed no healing. The results of BAL samples and microbiological examinations of the 3 calves that did not respond to the treatment indicated that these cases were affected by mixed infections of yeasts, fungi, and bacteria. Widespread pleuropneumonia was observed. According to the results of the microbiological examination of the BAL samples, Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica had the highest isolation rate (25%) compared with the other isolated bacteria, namely, Klebsiella pneumonia (20%), Actinomyces pyogenes (15%), beta-hemolytic streptococci. (10%), Staphylococcus spp. (5%), and E. coli (5%). The study also revealed fungi [Penicillum spp. (5%) and Aspergillus spp. (5%)] and two calves (10%) had a yeast infection.. We conclude that florfenicol has a high bacteriological and clinical efficacy (100% and 96% respectively) in the treatment of calf respiratory tract diseases.
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    A Comparative Study on Detection of Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale Antibodies in Meat-type Turkeys by Dot Immunobinding Assay, Rapid Agglutination Test and Serum Agglutination Test
    (Carfax Publishing, 2002) Erganiş, Osman; Hadimli, Hasan Hüseyin; Kav, K.; Çorlu, M.; Öztürk, D.
    The objectives of the present study were to develop a dot-immunobinding assay (DIA) and a serum agglutination test (SAT) for detection of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, to compare the rapid agglutination test (RAT) and the SAT, and to make a serosurvey of O. rhinotracheale exposure on turkey farms in Turkey. Antiserum against O. rhinotracheale bacterin was prepared in rabbits and 72 serum samples were collected from turkeys with respiratory signs on four farms. Comparison of the tests showed that 55.5, 48.6 and 40.3% of serum samples were positive by RAT, SAT and DIA, respectively. The sensitivity of the DIA appeared to be lower than that of the agglutination tests but the specificity is not known.
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    Determination of Intracellular Concentrations of Free and Two Types of Liposome-Encapsulated Enrofloxacin in Anatolian Shepherd Dog Monocytes
    (Blackwell Verlag Gmbh, 2002) Baş, Ahmet Levent; Şimşek, Atilla; Çorlu, M.; Yazar, Enver; Elmas, Muammer; Değim, Zeliha Gül
    In this study, it was evaluated the accumulation of free and two types of liposome-encapsulated enrofloxacin (LEE) at the doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mu g/ml, which were clinically relevant concentrations into monocytes of healthy Anatolian shepherd dogs. Enrofloxacin was encapsulated with two different types of liposome in multilamellar large vesicles (MLV). Type A MLV composed of 15 mg egg phosphatidylcholine and 35 mg cholesterol, Type B MLV composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC), cholesterol and enrofloxacin, in a molar ratio of 1 : 1 : 1. The mean sizes of Type A and Type B liposome were found to be 7.65 and 4.27 mu m, respectively. However, the mean encapsulation rate determined of Type A (13 +/- 2%) was found lower than Type B liposome (44 +/- 3%). The amounts of intracellular enrofloxacin concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Type B LEE accumulated significantly higher level into monocytes when compared to free drug or Type A liposome. This study showed that Type B LEE markedly concentrated within monocytes and may improve the antibacterial efficacy of the antibiotic.