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Öğe Determination of the effects of aflatoxin B-1 given in ovo on the proximal tibial growth plate of broiler chickens: histological, histometric and immunohistochemical findings(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2012) Öznurlu, Y.; Çelik, İlhami; Sur, Emrah; Özaydın, Tuğba; Oğuz, Halis; Altunbaş, KorhanDetrimental effects of aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) on the embryonic development of broiler tibia and its proximal growth plate were determined by means of histological, histometric and immunohistochemical methods. For this, 420 fertile eggs from parent stocks of Ross 308 broiler chickens were divided into five groups according to the proposed treatment: a control untreated group, a group injected with 30% ethanol and three further groups to be injected with 5, 15 or 40 ng AFB(1). The eggs were injected into the air space prior to incubation. Five eggs from each group were opened at 9, 11, 13, 17, 19 and 21 days of incubation and tibial tissue samples were removed, dissected of muscle and connective tissues, and processed by means of routine histological techniques. The cell proliferation rate of the epiphyseal growth plate cells was determined by immunohistochemical assay of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. The results showed that both proliferative and hypertrophic zones narrowed significantly (P<0.05), when compared with the controls, in all of the AFB(1)-treated groups whereas the transitional zone thickened, especially in the group given 40 ng AFB(1) group. The PCNA positivity indices of 15 and 40 ng AFB(1)-treated groups were significantly higher (P<0.05) on days 11, 13, 17, 19 and 21 of incubation. It was concluded that in ovo-administered AFB(1) adversely affected embryonic development of the tibial growth plate, and that affected hatched broilers might also be more susceptible to skeletal disorders during growth.Öğe Effects of Echinacea Extract on the Performance, Antibody Titres, and Intestinal Histology of Layer Chicks(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2010) Gürbüz, E.; Balevi, T.; Kurtoğlu, V.; Coşkun, B.; Öznurlu, Y.; Kan, Y.; Kartal, M.1. This research was conducted to determine the effect of diet supplementation with Echinacea extract (cichoric acid) on the growth performance, antibody titres and intestinal tissue histology of layer chicks. 2. White, 1-d-old, Hy-Line hybrid chicks (n = 540) were divided into three treatments, each consisting of 6 groups of 30 chicks (n = 180): (1) control; (2) 2 center dot 5 mg/kg cichoric-acid-fed; and (3) 5 mg/kg cichoric-acid-fed. The trial lasted 60 d. 3. While the growth performance of the chicks was depressed between d 1 and 45, it was found to improve between d 45 and 60. 4. Feed consumption was lower in both of the cichoric-acid-fed groups than in the control group between d 1-15 and 15-30, but was higher between d 30 and 45. Overall, mean feed consumption did not differ between the control and cichoric-acid-fed groups during the 60 d study period. 5. During the 60 d evaluation period, live weight gain, feed utilisation rate and final live weight were higher in the control group than in both of the cichoric-acid-fed groups. 6. Antibody titres against infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease did not differ between the three groups, but those for Newcastle disease were higher in the 2 center dot 5 mg/kg cichoric-acid-fed group than in the control group after 45 d. 7. Height and width of the jejunal villus and the thickness of the muscle layer were lower in the 5 mg/kg cichoric-acid-fed group than in both the control and the 2 center dot 5 mg/kg cichoric-acid-fed groups. The height of the ileal villus was also lower in the 5 mg/kg cichoric-acid-fed group than in the other two groups. 8. Echinacea extract supplementation for layer chicks appears not to benefit growth performance and intestinal histology during the growing period.Öğe Effects of long term oral acrylamide administration on alpha naphthyl acetate esterase and acid phosphatase activities in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of rats(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2019) Yener, Y.; Çelik, İ.; Sur, E.; Öznurlu, Y.; Özaydin, T.Acrylamide is an important industrial chemical; it also is formed in starch-rich foodstuffs during baking, frying and roasting. Most acrylamide exposure occurs by ingestion of processed foods. We investigated possible immunotoxic effects of extended administration of low doses of acrylamide in rats. To do this, we measured alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (ACP-ase) activities in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Male and female weanling Wistar rats were administered 2 or 5 mg acrylamide/kg/day in drinking water for 90days. Peripheral blood was sampled at the end of the administration period. We found ANAE staining in eosinophils and T-lymphocytes, but not in monocytes, platelets, B-lymphocytes and neutrophils. ACP-ase was found in B-lymphocytes. We found a significant reduction of the ratio of ANAE:ACP-ase in lymphocytes of the experimental animals compared to controls. We found no statistically significant differences between the doses or sexes. We found that acrylamide ingested in processed foods might affect the immune system adversely by decreasing the population of mature T- and B-lymphocytes.Öğe Enzyme Histochemistry and Agnor Numbers in the Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of 6 Month-old Kangal Bred Anatolian Shepherd Dogs(Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2003) Sur, Emrah; Çelik, İlhami; Öznurlu, Y.; Aydın, Mehmet Faruk; Şen, İsmail; Özparlak, H.The determination of peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) counts and the, enzyme profile of PBL as reference values would be the first step to identify markers of lymphocyte differentiation and / or lymphoproliferation. In healthy, 6 month-old Kangal Shepherd dogs, PBL percentages, enzyme activities (cc-naphtyl acetate esterase (ANAE), acid phosphatase (ACP-ase), P-glucuronidase (BG-ase) and N acetyl beta-glucosaminidase (NABG-ase)) and some characteristics of silver stained nucleolus organizing regions (AgNOR parameters) were evaluated by histochemical methods. PBL percentage in females was significantly lower when compared to males (p < 0.05). Mean ANAE-positivity of PBL in males was 63.13 % whereas the positivity was slightly lower in females (60.75 %). The percentages of ACP-ase, BG-ase and NABG-ase positive lymphocytes of both genders were close similar. Values were respectively 39.37 %, 55.11 % and 52.45 % in males, and 39.12 %, 52.73 % and 51.37 % in females. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in mean AgNOR number nor in AgNOR diameters in PBL between males and females. Nucleus diameters and AgNOR diameter / nucleus diameter ratios of both genders were also quite similar. It was concluded that tabulated data as reference sources should be established for enzymatic positivity profiles and for AgNOR parameters in different age groups of Kangal breed and in other popular dog breeds. These data might be useful in early diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disturbances and in viral diseases caused by lymphotroph viruses and in the planning of therapeutic protocols, by using relatively cheaper techniques.
