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    EEG Findings in Etomidate Anaesthesia
    (1992) Özmen, S.; Ökeşli, S.; İlhan, N.; Akhan, G.; Otelcioğlu, S.; Ünal, F.
    This study included 30 volunteer cases (19 male, 11 female) in ASA-I group with normal electroancephalographic findings. All cases divided in 3 groups randomly and 45 minutessd prior to administration of etomidate, first group was premedicated with 0.5 mg Atropine, second group with 0.5 mg Atropine and 10 mg Diazepam and third group with 0.5 mg Atropine and 01. mg Fentanyl. Induction has been succeeded by IV 0.4 mg/kg etomidate. In order to maintain anaesthesia 0.1 mg/kg etomidate was administered intravenously at 5th minute and EEG was obtained for 15 mintures after first dosage of etomidate. The EEG findings of etomidate anaesthesia and the relation of myoclonia (the main side effect) with CNS was evaluated by EEG records. EEG findings were not affected with premedication methods and no correlation between myoclonia and EEG signs was established. However, myoclonia was decreased significantly in patients who received Fentanyl as premedication. Instead of the irregular alpha and fast activities were observed on control EEG recordings in patients anaesthetised with etomidate. The sharp waves and the suppression burst activities appeared in some cases. In conclusion attention must be paid during etomidate anaesthesia in epileptic patients or it should be avoided using etomidate in patients who has a history of epilepsy because of the possibility of provocating the seizures.
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    Musicogenic Epilepsy with Ictal Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT): Could These Cases Contribute to Our Knowledge of Music Processing?
    (WILEY, 2001) Genç, Bülent O.; Genç, E.; Taştekin, G.; İlhan, N.
    Musicogenic epilepsy nas a strong correlation with the temporal lobe with a right-sided preponderance. We report the case of a 48-year-old woman whose seizures began at the age of 32 years. Her prenatal, natal and childhood histories were unremarkable and her family history was negative for epilepsy. She had typical complex partial seizures with chewing automatisms. Cranial computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and interictal SPECT showed no abnormality. Interictal EEG showed paroxysmal bitemporal sharp wave discharges predominant on the right side. Ictal EEG showed a combination of high voltage sharp and slow sharp waves and spikes that originated from the right temporal leads and then became generalized. Ictal activity on EEG started 4-5 min after the music stimulus. For the ictal SPECT study, i.v. injection of 20 mCi of HMPAO was administered approximately 30 s after the ictal activity started. Ictal SPECT demonstrated a right anterior and mesial temporal hyperperfusion. These results seem to support the dominant role of the right temporal lobe and the possible relation of mesial temporal structures to the affective content of music in musicogenic epilepsy.