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    Comparative secondary metabolites profiling and biological activities of aerial, stem and root parts of Salvadora oleoides decne (Salvadoraceae)
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2019) Saleem, H.; Ahmad, I.; Zengin, Gökhan; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Rehman, Khan K.-U.; Ahsan, H. M.; Abidin, Syafiq Asnawi Zainal
    In this study, different parts (aerial, stem and root) of Salvadora oleoides Decne were investigated in order to explore their phytochemical composition and biological potential. The bioactive contents were evaluated by conventional spectrophotometric methods. Additionally, the secondary metabolite compounds were identified by UHPLC-MS analysis. Biological potential was evaluated by determining antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP, and Phosphomolybdenum) and enzyme inhibitory (butrylcholinesterase and lipoxygenase) effects. Higher total bioactive contents were found in methanolic extracts which tend to correlate with higher radical scavenging and reducing potential of these extracts. LC/MS spectrum revealed the presence of 16 different secondary metabolites belonging to terpene, glucoside and sesquiterpenoid dervivatives. Glucocleomin and emotin A were the main compounds present in all three parts. The strongest butrylcholinesterase and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity was observed for root and stem DCM extracts. Demonstrated biological potential of S. oleoides plant can trace a new road map for developing newly designed bioactive pharmaceuticals. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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    In vitro biological propensities and chemical profiling of Euphorbia milii Des Moul (Euphorbiaceae): A novel source for bioactive agents
    (ELSEVIER, 2019) Saleem, Hammad; Zengin, Gökhan; Locatelli, Marcello; Mollica, Adriano; Ahmad, Irshad; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Abidin, Syafiq Asnawi Zainal; Ahemad, Nafees
    The plants of Euphorbia genus have been extensively studied for their nutritive and therapeutic purposes. The present research is the foremost effort to investigate and compare the biological activities and chemical composition of dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) solvent extracts of Euphorbia milii Des Moul aerial and root parts. Antioxidant potential was determined using six different (FRAP, CUPRAC, Phosphomolybdenum, DPPH, ABTS and ferrous chelation) methods. The enzyme inhibition effects of the tested extracts were evaluated against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase and tyrosinase. Similarly, the amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents were assessed via spectrophotometric methods and individual secondary metabolites were also determined using UHPLC-MS analysis. Methanolic extracts from both aerial and root parts contained the highest contents for phenolic and flavonoids which tends to correlate with their significant DPPH, ABTS (radical scavenging), FRAP, CUPRAC (reducing power) and alpha-glucosidase inhibition potentials. While, both the DCM extracts containing the lowest bioactive contents were most active in the phosphomolybdenum assay, cholinesterases and tyrosinase inhibition. The root extracts proved to be a better source of bioactive antioxidant molecules. Additionally, UHPLC-MS profiling of both the methanolic extracts revealed the presence of total 16 secondary metabolites belonging to five major groups (phenolic, flavonoid, coumarin, glycoside and alkaloid). To conclude, our results suggest that E. milii can be considered as a promising lead origin for natural bioactive enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant compounds which could pave the way for industrial applications.