Yazar "Alalayah, Walid M." seçeneğine göre listele

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    Analysis of petroleum coke from low grade oily sludge of refinery
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2018) Demirbaş, Ayhan; Acar, Şükrü; Horasan, Bilgehan Yabgu; Alalayah, Walid M.
    Petroleum coke is often shortened as pet coke. Petroleum coke or pet coke is a product obtained from oil of all kinds during the oil refining process. Petroleum coke is a carbon-rich solid originating from petroleum refining and is obtained by cracking process. Petroleum coke is a byproduct of the coking unit, a residual fuel upgrader. The coke quality depends on the crude oil processed in refinery. The mixture of oil, solids and water deposited at the bottom of the storage deposit is known as waste oil sludge. Oil sludge is one of the solid wastes produced in petroleum refinery and it is a complex emulsion composed of various petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, solid particles, and water. As a result of the refining process of crude oil, the contaminated sludge is biodegraded and converted into waste products that damage the environment and human health. In the coke processing, the assessment of oil sludge fraction is based on the principle of heating to high temperatures and the removal of light fractions from the breakdown. If the oil sludge initially contains low levels of sulfur and metal, the resulting petroleum coke is then calcined before use. The high quality needle type coke produced on convenient conditions in the coking unit.
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    Gasoline- and diesel-like products from heavy oils via catalytic pyrolysis
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2017) Demirbas, Ayhan; Al-Ghamdi, Khalid; Sen, Nejdet; Aslan, Avni; Alalayah, Walid M.
    Heavy oil is less expensive than light crude oil, but heavy oil is more expensive to obtain light oil products. Conventional light crude oil resources are decreasing, therefore heavy oil resources will be needed more in the future. There are huge differences from field to field for heavy oil deposits. In terms of final productive use, heavy oil is considered as an unconventional resource. Heavy oil upgrading depends on four important factors: catalyst selection, heavy oil classification, process design, and production economics. Heavy and extra-heavy oils are unconventional reservoirs of oil. Globally, 21.3% of total oil reserves are heavy oil. Heavy oil is composed of long chain organic molecules called heavy hydrocarbons. The thermal degradation of the heavy hydrocarbons in heavy oil generates liquid and gaseous products. All kinds of heavy oils contain asphaltenes, and therefore are considered to be very dense material. The most similar technologies for upgrading of heavy oils are pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis, thermal and catalytic cracking, and hydrocracking. The amount of liquid products obtained from pyrolysis of heavy oil was dependent on the temperature and the catalyst. Pyrolytic oil contains highly valuable light hydrocarbons as gasoline and diesel components range. The constant increase in the use of crude oils has raised prices of the most common commercial conventional products and consequently seeking for new alternative petroleum resources, like some unconventional oil resources, becomes an interesting issue. The mass contents of gasoline, diesel, and heavy oil in the crude oil are 44.6%, 38.3%, and 17.1%, respectively. The gasoline yield from the heavy oil catalytic (Na2CO3) pyrolysis is higher than the diesel efficiency for all conditions. The yield of gasoline products increases with increasing pyrolysis temperature (from 230 degrees C to 350 degrees C) and percentage of catalyst (from 5% to 10%). The yields of gasoline-like product are from 21.5% to 39.1% in 5% catalytic run and from 32.5% to 42.5% in 10% catalytic run. The yields of diesel-like product are from 9.3% to 29.8% in 5% catalytic run and from 15.5% to 33.7% in 10% catalytic run.