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Öğe The Association of Carpenter Syndrome and Situs Inversus Totalis: First Case Report(ORTADOGU AD PRES & PUBL CO, 2011) Altunhan, Hüseyin; Annagür, Ali; Örs, RahmiCarpenter syndrome (acrocephalopolysyndactyly type II) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that classically consists of acrocephaly, facial dysmorphism, mental retardation, congenital heart disease and hypogenitalism. To the best of our knowledge, situs inversus totalis has not been demonstrated previously in Carpenter syndrome. We report here a 6-day-old boy with many abnormalities diagnosed clinically and also having situs inversus totalis. As far as we know, this is the first Carpenter syndrome case associated with situs inversus totalis in the literature.Öğe Coexistence of Congenital Chylous Ascites and Congenital Hypothyroidism: Case Report(ORTADOGU AD PRES & PUBL CO, 2012) Altunhan, Hüseyin; Annagür, Ali; Ertuğrul, Sabahattin; Yüksekkaya, Hasan Ali; Örs, RahmiChylous ascites is a rare clinical entity occurring as the result of the extravasation of the chyle into the peritoneal cavity. A 20-day newborn admitted to our clinic with high level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and abdominal distension was diagnosed with chylous ascites and congenital hypothyroidism after paracentesis. Thyroid hormone supplementation, a diet containing middle-chain triglycerides and octreotide were started. To our knowledge, the patient who recovered completely with the treatment is the first case in the literature with chylous ascites accompanied by congenital hypothyroidism. Thus, in newborns with chylous ascites, congenital hypothyroidism should be considered and the diagnosis should be confirmed with paracentesis. This approach may be beneficial for early diagnosis and treatment. Chylous ascites can be treated successfully with a diet containing middle-chain triglycerides and octreotide.Öğe Comparing the efficacy of nebulizer recombinant human DNase and hypertonic saline as monotherapy and combined treatment in the treatment of persistent atelectasis in mechanically ventilated newborns(WILEY, 2012) Altunhan, Hüseyin; Annagür, Ali; Pekcan, Sevgi; Örs, Rahmi; Koç, HasanBackground: The purpose of the present study was to compare the cost-effectiveness and efficacy of nebulizer recombinant human DNase (rhDNase) and hypertonic saline (HS) as monotherapy and combined treatment in neonatal atelectasis. Methods: Eighty-seven newborns with persistent atelectasis who did not respond to traditional treatment were studied retrospectively. Group 1 did not receive nebulizer drugs; Group 2 received 7% HS; Group 3 received rhDNase; and Group 4 received both 7% HS and rhDNase. Subjects' chest X-ray scores, partial pressure of CO2, respiratory rate, fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) peak inspiratory pressure, atelectasis healing rate, median duration of nebulizer treatment and costs were compared. Results: Percentages of improvement in atelectasis on Day 3 of treatment in Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4 were 27, 70, 81 and 95%, respectively, while median duration of treatment was 8.1, 3.3, 2.9 and 2.4 days, respectively. Comparison of chest X-ray scores, partial pressure of CO2, respiratory rate, FiO(2) and peak inspiratory pressure values before and 48 h after treatment did not yield a significant difference for the control group (P > 0.05), while a marked improvement was observed in other groups for all parameters (P < 0.05). The most distinct improvement was in Group 4, followed by Group 3. Conclusions: Although both the combined treatment with HS and rhDNase and their monotherapies are effective in the treatment of persistent atelectasis in newborns receiving mechanical ventilation, their combined use produces higher efficacy. The efficacy of rhDNase is superior to monotherapy with HS. Use of these two treatments concomitantly reduces the cost. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to use HS alone or in combination with rhDNase in newborn patients.Öğe Comparison of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in the diagnosis of late onset sepsis in preterm newborns(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2013) Ertuğrul, Sabahattin; Annagür, Ali; Kurban, Sevil; Altunhan, Hüseyin; Örs, Rahmi[Abstract not Available]Öğe Congenital hydrocephalus as a rare cause of severe type 1 plasminogene deficiency(Kare Publishing, 2013) Annagür, Ali; Altunhan, Hüseyin; Özbek, Orhan; Öztürk, Banu Turgut; Örs, RahmiSevere type I plasminogen deficiency is a rarely seen autosomal recessive disease that causes chronic inflammation in mucous membranes, primarily eye membranes. The most commonly encountered clinical manifestation is ligneous conjunctivitis. In these patients, congenital occlusive hydrocephaly may rarely be observed. In this report, we presented a newborn who had hydrocephaly in the prenatal period and presence of severe plasminogen deficiency was detected after birth. We found that the same disease was present in two children of the family and in the aunt of the newborn and discussed this situation. It should be kept in mind that plasminogen deficiency may also be present in cases with occlusive hydrocephaly and especially in newborns with the diagnosis of ligneous conjunctivitis and with familial history of ligneous conjunctivitis.Öğe Distal Ekstremite Kısalığı ve Tek Atriumla Gözüken Bir Kondroektodermal Displazi (Ellis-van Creveld Sendromu) Olgusu(2010) Ertuğrul, Sabahattin; Annagür, Ali; Altunhan, Hüseyin; Örs, RahmiNadir görülen otozomal resesif bir bozukluk olan Ellis-van Creveld sendromu veya kondroektodermal displazi ilk olarak 1940 yılında Ellis ve van Creveld tarafından tanımlanmıştır. Bu kıkırdak ve ektodermal displazi, kısa kaburga, postaksiyal polidaktili, displastik tırnak ve diş anomalileri, büyüme geriliği ve konjenital kalp hastalığı ile karakterizedir. Hastaların yaklaşık %60’ında bir kardiak defekt olup, en sık atrial septal defekt, genellikle de tek bir atrium vardır. Bu yazımızda distal ekstremite kısalığının yanı sıra tek atriumu olan bir Ellis-van Creveld sendromu olgusu sunuldu.Öğe Doğuştan hidrosefalinin nadir bir nedeni olarak tip-1 plazminojen eksikliği(2013) Annagür, Ali; Altunhan, Hüseyin; Özbek, Orhan; Turgut, Banu Öztürk; Örs, RahmiCiddi tip 1 plazminojen eksikliği otozomal çekinik geçen ve başta göz olmak üzere müköz membranlarda kronik enflamasyona neden olan nadir bir hastalıktır. En sık görülen klinik tablosu linyöz konjonktivittir. Bu hastalarda nadiren doğuştan tıkayıcı hidrosefali de görülebilir. Biz burada doğum öncesi hidrosefali tanısı konan ve doğumdan sonra ciddi plazminojen eksikliği olduğu gösterilen yenidoğan bir bebeği sunduk. Ailenin ilk çocuğunda ve iki teyzesinde de aynı hastalığın bulunduğunu saptayıp tartıştık. Tıkayıcı hidrosefali olgularında ve özellikle linyöz konjonktivit tanısı konan veya aile öyküsünde linyöz konjonktivit olduğu bilinen bebeklerde plazminojen eksikliğinin de olabileceği akılda bulundurulmalıdır.Öğe Duktus bağımlı konjenital kalp hastalıklarında oral prostaglandin E1 tedavisinin değerlendirilmesi(2012) Altunhan, Hüseyin; Annagür, Ali; Ertuğrul, Sabahattin; Konak, Murat; Şap, Fatih; Karaaslan, Sevim; Örs, RahmiAmaç: İntravenöz prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) infüzyonu duktus bağımlı konjenital kalp hastalarında etkisi kanıtlanmış bir ilaçtır. Ancak intravenöz PGE1 oldukça pahallı, sürekli intravenöz infüzyon gerektiren ve her merkezce temini zor bir ilaçtır. Uzun süre kullanılması gerektiğinde bu sorunlar daha önemli hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada Oral PGE1in intravenöz PGE1 temin edilinceye kadar duktusun açık kalmasını sağlayıp sağlamadığını göstermek amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesine duktus bağımlı konjenital kalp hastalığı tanısıyla yatırılıp intravenöz PGE1 temin edilinceye kadar oral PGE1 verilen 10 hasta retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastaların oral PGE1 ve intravenöz PGE1 başlanmadan önce ve sonra arteryal kan gazında pO2 ve ciltten bakılan sO2 değerleri kaydedildi. Bulgular: Oral PGE1 tedavisine ortalama başlama yaşı 5.5 saat (0.525), verilme süresi 28 saat (1846) idi. Hastaların oral PGE1 başlandıktan 2 saat sonra alınan pO2 ve sO2 değerlerinin başlanmadan önceki değerlerine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde arttığı gözlendi. PO2 ve SO2 düzeyindeki düzelme intravenöz PGE1 başlanıncaya kadar devam etti. İntravenöz PGE1 başlandıktan 2 saat sonra bakılan PO2 ve SO2 değerlerinin intravenöz PGE1 başlanmadan önce bakılan değerlerine göre bir miktar daha artış gösterdiği gözlendi. Sonuç: Kısa süreli kullanımda intravenöz PGE1 oral PGE1den daha etkili olsa da oral PGE1de duktusun açık kalmasında yeterince etkilidir. Bu nedenle intravenöz PGE1 temin edilinceye kadar oral PGE1 alternatif bir seçenek olarak kullanılabilir. Uzun süreli kullanımda ise damar yoluna ve hastanede yatışa gerek duyulmadan, kullanımı kolay ve oldukça ucuz olan oral PGE1in intravenöz PGE1 yerine kullanılabileceğini düşünüyoruz. Ancak bunun için daha ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.Öğe EFFECTS OF PHOTOTHERAPY ON SERUM PARAOXONASE ACTIVITY AND TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY IN NEWBORN JAUNDICE(NOBEL ILAC, 2014) Kurban, Sevil; Annagür, Ali; Altunhan, Hüseyin; Mehmetoğlu, İdris; Örs, Rahmi; Erdem, Said Sami; Yerlikaya, Fatma HümeyraObjective: Phototherapy is an efficient and commonly used form of therapy for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an anti oxidative enzyme, which eliminates lipid peroxides. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of phototherapy on serum PON1 activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in hyperbilirubinemic full-term newborns. Material and Method: The study was performed on 40 full-tenn newborns between 3 to 15 days of age exposed to phototherapy. SerumPON1 activity and TAC levels of the babies were determined before and after phototherapy by spectrophotometric assays. Results: We have found that PON1 activity was not significantly affected by phototherapy whereas TAC levels were decreased significantly after phototherapy (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that phototherapy has no direct effect on PON1 activity. Also, decreased TAC levels might have resulted from increased oxidative stress which may lead to consumption of antioxidant molecules.Öğe Effects of phototherapy on serum paraoxonase activity and total antioxidant capacity in newborn jaundice(Nobelmedicus, 2014) Kurban, Sevil; Annagür, Ali; Altunhan, Hüseyin; Mehmetoğlu, İdris; Örs, Rahmi; Erdem, Said Sami; Yerlikaya, Fatma HümeyraObjective: Phototherapy is an efficient and commonly used form of therapy for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidative enzyme, which eliminates lipid peroxides. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of phototherapy on serum PON1 activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in hyperbilirubinemic full-term newborns.Material and Method: The study was performed on 40 full-term newborns between 3 to 15 days of age exposed to phototherapy.Serum PON1 activity and TAC levels of the babies were determinedbefore and after phototherapy by spectrophotometric assays.Results: We have found that PON1 activity was not significantly affected by phototherapy whereas TAC levels were decreased significantly after phototherapy (p<0.001).Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that phototherapy has no direct effect on PON1 activity. Also, decreased TAC levels might have resulted from increased oxidative stress which may lead to consumption of antioxidant molecules. © 2014, Nobelmedicus. All rights reserved.Öğe A FRONTONASAL DYSPLASIA CASE WITH ABSENCE OF FALX CEREBRI(NOBEL ILAC, 2013) Altunhan, Hüseyin; Annagür, Ali; Özbek, Orhan; Örs, RahmiFrontonasal dysplasia which is also called median cleft face syndrome, is a disease that presents with signs like hypertelorism, broad nasal base, formation defect of nasal edge, anterior cranium, bifidum ocultum, microphtalmia in the face and head but with possible anomalies in any organ or system. Central nervous system anomalies like corpus callosum agenesis, lipomas of corpus callosum and encephalosel may also be seen in these cases. We presented a frontonasal dysplasia case without falx cerebri. According to our investigation, this is the first case of frontonasal dysplasia without falx cerebri.Öğe A frontonasal dysplasia case with Absence of falx cerebri(2013) Altunhan, Hüseyin; Annagür, Ali; Özbek, Orhan; Örs, RahmiFrontonasal dysplasia which is also called median cleft face syndrome, is a disease that presents with signs like hypertelorism, broad nasal base, formation defect of nasal edge, anterior cranium, bifidum occultum, microphtalmia in the face and head but with possible anomalies in any organ or system. Central nervous system anomalies like corpus callosum agenesis, lipomas of corpus callosum and encephalosel may also be seen in these cases. We presented a frontonasal dysplasia case without falx cerebri. According to our investigation, this is the first case of frontonasal dysplasia without falx cerebri.Öğe Fully automated simultaneous umbilical arteriovenous exchange transfusion in term and late preterm infants with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2016) Altunhan, Hüseyin; Annagür, Ali; Tarakcı, Nuriye; Konak, Murat; Ertuğrul, Sabahattin; Örs, RahmiObjectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of two different catheterization techniques of exchange transfusion (ET) used in the therapy of newborn jaundice: fully automated two-way ET technique and the classical one-way ET.Patients and methods: The study included babies at gestational age of >34 weeks. In total, 107 ETs were performed on 86 babies. Totally, the umbilical vein (UV) group included 54 babies having undergone 69 ETs and the UV/UA group included 32 babies having undergone 38 ETs.Results: The declines in bilirubin levels right after ET (p=0.018) and 8h after ET (p=0.014) were higher in the fully automated UV/UA technique than in the classical UV technique. Furthermore, the duration of intensive phototherapy following ET was shorter in the UV/UA method than in the UV method (p=0.003). There was no difference between the two methods in terms of ET-associated complications (p=0.927).Conclusions: In neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, ET with fully automated UV/UA technique is more efficient than the classical ET technique, causing no additional side-effects. It is also more physiological than the classical technique, since it minimizes the fluctuations in the blood volume and intravascular pressure during ET.Öğe Hidrosefali ile ılişkili ektrodakli, ektodermal displazi, yarık dudak ve damak sendromulu bir vakanın değerlendirmesi(2013) Aladağ, Buket Uysal; Yılmaz, Fatma Hilal; Koçak, Nadir; Annagür, AliEktrodaktili, ektodermal displazi, yarık dudak ve damak sendromu (EEC); ektrodaktili, ektodermal displazi ve orofasiyal yarık ile karakterize gelişimsel bir genetik hastalıktır. Literatürde bu konu ile ilgili çok fazla vaka rapor edilmemektedir. Sendromun esas komponentleri; el ve ayaklarda ektrodaktili ve sindaktili, normal veya yarık damaklı yarık dudak ve deri (hipopigmente ve kuru cilt, hiperkeratinoz, deri atrofisi), kıl (seyrek saç ve kaş), diş (küçük, yok veya displastik diş), tırnak( tırnak distrofisi) ve dış salgı bezleri ( terin azalması veya yokluğu, yağlı ve tükürük bezleri ) dahil olduğu anormal ektodermal yapılardır. Tedavisi; ortopedi, plastik ve diş cerrahisi, oftalmolojist, dermatolog ve konuşma terapisti ve psikologların birlikte çalışacağı multidisipliner bir yaklaşıma ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Biz literatürde ilk kez rastlanan hidrosefalili EEC sendromlu bir vakayı sunduk.Öğe The incidence of congenital anomalies associated with cleft palate/cleft lip and palate in neonates in the Konya region, Turkey(CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE, 2012) Altunhan, Hüseyin; Annagür, Ali; Konak, Murat; Ertuğrul, Sabahattin; Örs, Rahmi; Koç, HasanAdditional congenital anomalies have often been found in patients with orofacial clefts. We wanted to find out the incidence and type of congenital malformations that may accompany cleft palate (CP) and cleft lip and palate (CLP) in babies born in the Konya region. A total of 121 newborn babies with CP or CLP were prospectively included in the study, and all were assessed in detail for congenital anomalies. Of 121 babies, 86(71%) had CLP and 35 (29%) had CP. There was at least one congenital malformation in 80 (66%) of the cases. Additional congenital malformations were seen in 26 (74%) of the 35 with isolated CP, and 54 (63%) in the 86 patients with CLP (p < 0.05). The most common congenital malformation was congenital heart disease, followed by head and neck anomalies. The most common congenital heart disease was atrial septal defect. A serious chromosomal anomaly was found in 18/121 patients with CP or CLP (15%). Of the 80 babies in whom congenital malformations were found, 31 (39%) had dysmorphic features. While 21 (68%) of dysmorphic cases had isolated CP, 10 (32%) had CLP (p < 0.05). The rates of premature delivery, intrauterine growth retardation, and consanguinity between parents were higher in patients with CP or CLP. The neonatal mortality was 20% (n = 24). Our results indicate that at least one congenital anomaly is also present in about two-thirds of newborn babies with CP and CLP, and these anomalies significantly increase their morbidity and mortality. All newborn babies with CP and CLP should be screened for additional congenital anomalies, particularly of the cardiovascular system. (c) 2011 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Ischaemia-modified albumin levels in newborn jaundice before and after phototherapy(WILEY, 2011) Erdem, Said Sami; Kurban, Sevil; Altunhan, Hüseyin; Annagür, Ali; Örs, Rahmi; Yerlikaya, Fatma Hümeyra; Gökçe, ReşatThe aim of our study was to assess the effect of phototherapy (PT) on ischaemia-modified albumin (IMA) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in hyperbilirubinemic full-term newborns. The study was performed on 36 full-term infants exposed to PT. The babies were aged 3 to 13 days. IMA and MDA levels of the babies were determined before and after PT, by a colorimetric assay. IMA levels before and after PT were found as 0.424 +/- 0.290 and 0.531 +/- 0.262 absorbance units, respectively. Although IMA levels after PT were slightly higher, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.131). MDA levels before and after PT were found as 8.4 +/- 1.8 mu mol/l and 9.4 +/- 1.5 mu mol/l, respectively. Serum MDA concentrations were significantly higher after PT than before PT (p < 0.000). In previous studies, conflicting findings have been reported about the effect of PT on oxidant and antioxidant systems. However, we have found no study investigating IMA levels in hyperbilirubinaemia in newborns before and after PT. Our results shows that PT does not affect IMA levels significantly. IMA increases as a result of oxidative stress. We believe that the lack of significant difference between our IMA levels before and after PT may resulted from hyperbilirubinaemia, which has antioxidant effect. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Öğe Klasik galaktozemili bir yenidoğanda Candida albicans menenjiti(2012) Altunhan, Hüseyin; Annagür, Ali; Konak, Murat; Ertuğrul, Sabahattin; Yüksekkaya, Hasan Ali; Örs, RahmiKlasik galaktozemi nadir görülen bir karbonhidrat metabolizma bozukluğudur. Galaktozemili hastalarda sepsis sıklığı belirgin derecede artmıştır. En sık görülen sepsis etkeni E. coli’dir. Mantar sepsisi galaktozemi hastalarında nadiren bildirilmiştir. Kandida sepsisi yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitelerinde özellikle prematürite ve düşük doğum ağırlığı gibi altta yatan bir risk faktörü olan bebeklerde önemli bir sepsis nedenidir. Galaktozemi hastalarında en sık sepsis etkeni E. coli olmasına rağmen altta yatan bir risk faktörü olmasa da kandidiyazisin de bu hastalarda bir sepsis ve menenjit etkeni olabileceği akılda tutulmalıdır. Ayrıca kandidiyaziste klinik ve laboratuar bulgular silik olabilir. Bu nedenle özellikle neonatal kandida menenjitinde erken tanı ve tedavi için şüphe indeksini yüksek tutmak gerekir. Böyle hastalarda BOS analizi, kültürü ve beyin görüntülenmesi mutlaka yapılmalıdır. Çünkü erken tanı ve tedavi hayat kurtarıcı olacaktır. Bu yazıda yatışının dördüncü gününde alınan kan kültüründe Candida albicans üreyen ve menenjit tanısı konan bir klasik galaktozemi olgusu sunuldu.Öğe Konjenital nefrotik sendrom: Olgu sunumu ve literatürün gözden geçirilmesi(2012) Konak, Murat; Annagür, Ali; Altunhan, Hüseyin; Ataş, Bülent; Örs, RahmiKonjenital nefrotik sendrom (KNS), doğumdan sonra kendini belli eden ciddi proteinüri, hipoalbüminemi ve ödemle karakterize nadir bir böbrek hastalığıdır. Özellikle nefrin ve podocin adlı genlerde oluşan mutasyon sonucu glomerular filtrasyon bariyerinin bozulmasıyla ortaya çıkan genetik bir bozukluktur. KNS perinatal enfeksiyonların sonucunda olabileceği gibi, genetik bir sendromunda parçası da olabilir. İmmün süpresif tedavi genetik kaynaklı KNS'de etkisizdir ancak böbrek transplantasyonu küratif tedavi sağlamaktadır. Birçok vakada hayatı tehdit eden ödemden korumak için günlük albümin infüzyonu gerekmektedir. Ek olarak yüksek kalorili diyet, tiroksin ve mineral desteği uygulanır. Tromboembolik komplikasyonların ve immünite yetersizliğinden dolayı gelişebilecek firsatçı infeksiyonların proflaksisi gerekmektedir. Yazımızda ödemi olmayan ancak sebat eden hipoalbüminemi ve proteinüri nedeniyle KNS tanısı alan bir yenidoğan olgusunu sunarak hastalığı literatür eşliğinde tartıştıkÖğe Nadir bir neonatal menenjit etkeni: Grup A streptokok(2013) Annagür, Ali; Altunhan, Hüseyin; Ertuğrul, Sabahattin; Konak, Murat; Örs, RahmiGrup A streptokoklar neonatal menenjitin oldukça nadir etkenlerindendir. Biz literatür ışığında A grubu beta hemolitik streptokokun neden olduğu bir yenidoğan menenjit olgusunu tartıştık. Daha önce sağlıklı olan 24 günlük erkek bebek; bir gündür devam eden ateş, emmeme ve sola lokalize konvülziyonla başvurdu. Yapılan lomber ponksiyonu pürülan menenjit ile uyumluydu. Hem kan hem de beyin omurilik sıvısı kültüründe A grubu beta hemolitik streptokok üredi. Hasta Penisilin G ile tedavi edildi. Klinik seyrinde tetra ventriküler hidrosefali geliştiği gözlendi. Ancak şant takılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmadı. Takiplerinde de işitme kaybı geliştiği tespit edildi. Grup A streptokok menenjiti yenidoğan döneminde oldukça nadir görülmesine rağmen yenidoğan sepsis ve menenjit olgularında akılda bulundurulması gereken etkenlerdendir. Grup A streptokok menenjiti diğer yenidoğan menenjit etkenleri gibi ciddi nörolojik sekellere yol açabilir.Öğe Neurotrophins and neuroinflammation in fetuses exposed to maternal depression and anxiety disorders during pregnancy: a comparative study on cord blood(SPRINGER WIEN, 2018) Akbaba, Nursel; Annagür, Bilge Burçak; Annagür, Ali; Akbulut, Hikmet; Akyürek, Fikret; Çelik, ÇetinIn recent years, there have been changes in the approach to maternal psychiatric disorders and their effects on the fetus, with the focus redirected to the search for biological markers. Neurotrophic factors and inflammatory processes have received particular attention in the past few years. According to the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), the study sample (n = 136) consisted of three groups: mothers with major depressive disorder (MDD group, n = 25), mothers with anxiety disorder (AD group, n = 18), and mothers without any psychiatric disorders (not diagnosed (ND) group, n = 93). During the delivery/cesarean section, a blood sample was obtained from the umbilical cord. Serum concentrations of BDNF, NT-3, FGF2, TNF-alpha, and neopterin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), according to the manufacturer's procedure. Clinical and biochemical characteristics were assessed. We did not find a significant difference among the three study groups with regard to BDNF, NT-3, and TNF-alpha levels. The ANOVA test indicated statistically significant differences in FGF2 levels and neopterin between the study groups. The newborns of mothers with AD had significantly higher FGF2 levels and significantly higher neopterin levels when compared with those of mothers with MDD and healthy mothers. The present study sheds light on the effects of higher FGF2 and neopterin levels in fetuses exposed to AD. Our results should be replicated through further prospective studies with a larger sample size.
