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Öğe Capparis spinosa L.: A Plant with High Potential for Development of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals/ Pharmaceuticals(ASIAN NETWORK SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION-ANSINET, 2016) Anwar, Farooq; Muhammad, Gulzar; Hussain, Muhammad Ajaz; Zengin, Gökhan; Alkharfy, Khalid M.; Ashraf, Muhammad; Gilani, Anwarul-HassanCaper (Capparis spinosa L.), a drought tolerant plant belonging to genus Capparis of the family Capparidaceae is mainly distributed in arid and semi-arid regions of the tropical and subtropical world. The plant, as a potential source of valuable nutrients such as vitamins (especially vitamin C), digestible protein, reducing sugars and essential minerals is valued for human food. The fruit of this plant, being a rich source of high-value components, is usually pickled and added to salads, sauces and jams. The plant has been used traditionally to prevent and/or treat a number of health disorders such as diabetes, hepatitis, obesity and kidney problems. Besides uses as an ingredient for food and feed, the contents of bioactive phytochemicals such as terpenoids, alkaloids, glucosinolates, tocopherols, polyprenols, isothiocyanates, carotenoids and phenolics, have allowed to envisage potential applications of C. spinosa as a health promoter plant. A broad range of pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, cardiovascular, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antipyretic, diuretic and hypoglycemic have been ascribed to different parts of C. spinosa. This comprehensive review describes the detailed profile of high-value nutrients and bioactives along with pharmacological and phyto-medicinal attributes of this multipurpose food plant with the aim to exploring its potential uses as ingredients for functional foods and nutraceutical/pharmaceutical industry.Öğe Changes in Antioxidant Attributes of Mint (Mentha arvensis L.) as Affected by Foliar Application of Selected Plant Growth Enhancers(UNIV PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS, 2015) Aslam, Maryam; Sultana, Bushra; Anwar, Farooq; Munir, Hassan; Zengin, Gökhan; Aktümsek, AbdurrahmanThe study mainly investigated the effect of exogenous applications of selected plant growth enhancers (PGEs) on the yield of extractable antioxidant components, the total phenolic content (TPC) and the antioxidant activity of mint (Mentha arvensis L.). PGEs including humic acid (HA, 10%, 25% and 30%), 6-benzyl amino purine (6-BAP at 25 ppm, 50 ppm, and 75 ppm), and Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE, fresh, 1-month-old and 2-month-old) were applied as foliar treatments. Humic acid (HA) was also used as a seed priming agent wherein the seeds were spread in HA solution for 6 h, 9 h and 12 h, respectively, prior to sowing. The second seed priming agent bio-fertilizer (BF) was applied in slurry form to seeds for 30 min before sowing. Analysis of the PGE-applied mint samples relative to the control showed that the total phenolic content was 6.297-21.043 mg GAE/g of dry matter (DM); reducing power was 0.542-1.911 (at 10 mg/mL extract concentration); and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrzyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity (IC50) was 0.212-0.504 mu g/mL, indicating a significant improvement (enhancement) in the antioxidant attributes of the plants. Generally, the MOLE-applied mint samples had greater phenolic and antioxidant activity compared with the other treatments, showing the effectiveness of exogenous applications of Moringa plant material in enhancing the yield and functional food value of the herb.Öğe A Comparative fatty acid compositional analysis of different wild species of mushrooms from Turkey(UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNIV, 2015) Zengin, Gökhan; Sarıkürkcü, Cengiz; Aktümsek, Abdurrahman; Uysal, Şengül; Ceylan, Ramazan; Anwar, Farooq; Solak, Mehmet HalilMushrooms have been recognized as important food items due to their high nutritional and medicinal value. The present work quantifies and compares the fatty acids composition among eleven mushroom species (Auricularia auricular-judae, Collybia dryophila, Rammulina ve/utipes, Helvella lacunose, Polyporus squamosus, Rhizopogon roseolus, Russula albonigra, Russula delica, Sparassis crispa, collinitus and Volvariella gloiocephala) harvested from Turkey. The lipid contents of the mushrooms varied from 0.13% (Auricularla auricula-judae) to 2.90% (Sparassis crispa). A total of 14 fatty acids were identified and quantified by gas chromatography in the selected mushrooms species with linoleic (13.17 to 79.41%), oleic (0.71 to 55.07%) and palmitic (8.95 to 30.84%) acids as the major components in the tested mushrooms species. The amount of total saturated fatty acids (SFAs), total monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) and total polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) ranged from 13.97 to 59.44%, 0.94 to 55.44% and 13.54 to 79.93%, respectively. Moreover, the mushrooms tested can be explored as a rich dietary source of essential fatty acids (13.34-79.76%) for human nutrition.Öğe GC-MS analysis and in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of essential oil from aerial parts of endemic Thymus spathulifolius Hausskn. et Velen(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2016) Ceylan, Ramazan; Zengin, Gökhan; Uysal, Şengül; İlhan, Veli; Aktümsek, Abdurrahman; Kandemir, Ali; Anwar, FarooqWe investigated the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities and chemical composition of the hydro-distilled essential oil (0.35% yield) from aerial parts of Thymus spathulifolius. Antioxidant capacity of the oil was assessed by different methods including free radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power (FRAP and CUPRAC) and phosphomolybdenum assay. Inhibitory activities were analyzed against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and tyrosinase. Twenty-one constituents were identified representing 97.2% of the total oil with thymol (50.5%), borneol (16.7%) and carvacrol (7.7%) as the major components. The essential oil exhibited good antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 3.82 and 0.22 mg/mL determined by free radical scavenging DPPH and ABTS, respectively. EC50 values of FRAP and CUPRAC were found to be 0.12 and 0.34 mg/mL, respectively. The results of the present study support the uses of T. spathulifolius essential oil as a source of natural antioxidants and bioactivities for functional foods and phytomedicines.Öğe Wild rice (Zizania sp.): A potential source of valuable ingredients for nutraceuticals and functional foods(Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie, 2017) Anwar, Farooq; Zengin, Gökhan; Alkharfy, Khalid M.; Marcu, M.Wild rice (Zizania sp.) is an annual cross-pollinated, emergent, aquatic grass that mainly grows naturally in the Great Lakes region of North America. The nutritional quality attributes of wild rice are superior to the conventional brown rice (Oryza sativa L.) in terms of higher contents of important minerals (especially phosphorous, potassium, magnesium and calcium), B-complex vitamins, Vitamin E and amino acids. In addition, wild rice is reported to contain an appreciable amount of valuable compounds such as phenolics with antioxidant properties. The presence of such nutritionally bioactive substances contributes towards medicinal benefits and multiple biological activities of this specialty rice. The present review is mainly designed to focus on the detailed nutritional attributes, high-value bioactive components profile and medicinal/biological activities of wild rice, thus proposing to explore the functional food and nutraceutical potential of this food commodity.Öğe Wild Rice (Zizania sp.): A Potentialsource of Valkigabile Ingredients for Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods(INNOVHUB SSI-AREA SSOG, 2017) Anwar, Farooq; Zengin, Gökhan; Alkharfy, Khalid M.; Marcu, M.Wild rice (Zizania sp.) is an annual cross-pollinated, emergent, aquatic grass that mainly grows naturally in the Great Lakes region of North America. The nutritional quality attributes of wild rice are superior to the conventional brown rice (Oryza sativa L.) in terms of higher contents of important minerals (especially phosphorous, potassium, magnesium and calcium), B-complex vitamins, vitamin E and amino acids. In addition, wild rice is reported to contain an appreciable amount of valuable compounds such as phenolics with antioxidant properties. The presence of such nutritionally bioactive substances contributes towards medicinal benefits and multiple biological activities of this specialty rice. The present review is mainly designed to focus on the detailed nutritional attributes, high-value bioactive components profile and medicinal/biological activities of wild rice, thus proposing to explore the functional food and nutraceutical potential of this food commodity.
