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    Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from White-Brined Urfa Cheese
    (INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION, 2011) Kav, Kursat; Col, Ramazan; Ardic, Mustafa
    The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes in Urfa cheese samples and to characterize the enterotoxigenic potential of these isolates. From a total of 127 Urfa cheese samples, 53 isolates (from 41.7% of the samples) were identified by a species-specific PCR assay as S. aureus. Of these isolates, 40 (75.5%) gave positive PCR results for the 3' end of the coa gene. The coa-positive S. aureus strains were characterized for their population levels and enterotoxigenic properties, including slime factor, beta-lactamase, antibiotic susceptibilities, production of the classical SEs (SEA through SEE), in both cheese and liquid cultures by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and for the presence of specific genes, including classical SE genes (sea through see), mecA, femA, and spa, by PCR. The genetic relatedness among the coa-positive S. aureus isolates was investigated by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and the 235 rRNA gene spacer. The 23S rRNA gene spacer and coo RFLP analysis using AluI and Hin6I revealed 14 different patterns. SEB, SEC, and SEA and SEE were detected by ELISA in three cheese samples. Fourteen S. aureus strains harbored enterotoxin genes sea through see, and three strains carried multiple toxin genes. The most commonly detected toxin gene was sec (25% of tested strains). Of the 40 analyzed S. aureus strains, 3 (7.5%) were mecA positive. Based on tandem repeats, four coa and spa types were identified. The results of this study indicate that S. aureus and SEs are present at significant levels in Urfa cheese. These toxins can cause staphylococcal food poisoning, creating a serious hazard for public health.
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    Effects of Disodium Dihydrogen Pyrophosphate and Sodium Tripolyphosphate on the Microbiological Quality and Enterobacteriaceae Species During Fermentation Period of Turkish Fermented Dry Sausage (Sucuk)
    (MEDWELL ONLINE, 2012) Ardic, Mustafa; Guner, Ahmet; Telli, Nihat
    The effects of disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate were investigated during ripening period of sausage. For this purpose, fermented dry sausages (sucuk) containing 0.3% disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate (Group A), 0.3% sodium tripolyphosphate (Group B) and control group were manufactured. It was not determined any important effects of disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate application on the pH value, Enterobacteriaceae, coagulase positive staphylococci and lactobacilli. On the other hand, the total aerobic mesophilic counts increased rapidly in Group A and B and found important (p<0.05) at the second day of fermentation. There was important effect of disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate application (p<0.05) on the Micrococcus/Staphylococcus at the first day of fermentation. Enterobacter sakazakii and Enterobacter cloacae were found dominant species in each group and 48 of the 96 isolates was identified as E. sakazakii. Isolation rates of E. sakazakii in control group, Group A and B were determined as 39,39, 48.73 and 61.76%, respectively, In conclusion, it could be said that any important effects of disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate on the microbiological quality of sucuk have not been determined.
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    Microbiological Characteristics of Turkish Semi-Dry Fermented Sausage During Processing Stages and Storage
    (MEDWELL ONLINE, 2009) Gurbuz, Umit; Ardic, Mustafa; Calim, Hilal Duygu
    This study was aimed to determine microbiological changes in various periods (raw material, after mixing, after stuffing, after heat application and in 10 days of storage) of Turkish semi-dry fermented sausage produced in a meat products plant located in Konya, Turkey. Coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, yeasts-moulds counts of sausages stuffed into both natural and collagen casing decreased (p<0.001) after heat application and Staphylococcus-Micrococcus at the end of storage (p<0.01, p<0.05). On the other hand, significant increase (p<0.01, p<0.05) in lactic acid bacteria counts at the end of storage were found. In order to prolong the shelf life and to improve the microbiological quality of semi-dry fermented sausage, lower initial microbial levels of meat and other ingredients, effective heat treatment during heat application, careful handling of sausage and maintenance of appropriate chill temperature during storage are necessary.