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Öğe C, O, S and Sr isotope studies on the genesis of Fe-carbonate and barite mineralizations in the Attepe iron district (Adana, Southern Turkey)(ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG, 2007) Kuepeli, Suayip; Karadag, A. Muzaffer; Ayhan, Ahmet; Doeyen, Adnan; Arik, FetullahThe Attepe district consists of Precambrian, Lower-Middle Cambrian, Upper Cambrian-Lower Ordovician and Mesozoic formations. It contains several iron deposits and occurrences. Three types of iron-mineralizations can be distinguished in the area; (1) Sedimentary Fe-sulfide in Precambrian bituminous metapelitic rocks, and Fe-oxides in Precambrian metasandstones (STSO), (ii) vein-type Fe-carbonate and oxides composed of mainly siderite, ankerite and hematite including barite in Lower-Middle Cambrian metacarbonates of the Caltepe Formation (HICO), (iii) karstic Fe-oxides and hydroxides essentially in the Lower-Middle Cambrian metacarbonates and the unweathered Fe-carbonates (KIO). The latter type is more widespread and located at the upper parts of the most important mineable iron deposits like Attepe deposit. Oxygen-, carbon-, sulfur- and strontium-isotope studies have been performed on siderites and barites in the vein-type ores, and on calcites in the recrystallized Caltepe Limestones to investigate the sources and formation mechanism of primary ore-forming constituents. The delta C-13 values of siderites and calcites in limestones of the Caltepe Formation range from -10.10 parts per thousand to -8.20 parts per thousand, and from -0.8 parts per thousand to 2.30 parts per thousand. Both carbonate minerals show delta O-18 values between 17.50-18.30 parts per thousand and 16.20-23.00 parts per thousand, respectively. The delta C-13 and delta O-18 isotopic variations do not indicate any direct or linear relations between siderites and limestones. However, it is possible that the carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of carbonate minerals could be changed to some extent, when limestones were subjected to hydrothermal processes or thermal alterations during metamorphism. The isotopic values of barites display 32.40-38.30 parts per thousand for delta S-34 and 12.20-14.70 parts per thousand for delta O-18. The strontium isotope ratios (0.717169-0.718601) of barites and the sulfur isotope compositions of barites and pyrites suggest that there are no direct linkages of ore-forming compounds neither with a magmatic source nor with sedimentary pyrite formations in the Precambrian bituminous shales of the Attepe formation. According to the field observations and the stable isotope data, siderites and ankerites should be formed by interaction between iron-rich hydrothermal fluids and Caltepe limestones, whereas isotope ratios of barites indicate that they were formed by mixing of sulfur-rich meteoric waters and deeply circulated hydrothermal solutions. (C) 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Öğe Fluid inclusion and sulfur isotope thermometry of the Inkaya (Simav-Kutahya) Cu-Pb-Zn-(Ag) mineralization, NW TURKEY(DE GRUYTER OPEN LTD, 2013) Ozen, Yesim; Arik, FetullahThe Inkaya Cu-Pb-Zn-(Ag) mineralization, located about 20 km west of the Simav (Kutahya-Turkey), is situated in the northern part of the Menderes Massif Metamorphics. The mineralization is located along an E-W trending fault in the Cambrian Simav metamorphics consisting of quartz-muscovite schist, quartz-biotite schist, muscovite schist, biotite schist and the ArA +/- kayasA +/- formation composed of marbles. Mineralized veins are 30-35 cm in width. The primary mineralization is represented by abundant galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, fahlore and minor amounts of cerussite, anglesite, digenite, enargite, chalcocite, covellite, bornite, limonite, hematite and goethite with gangue quartz. Fluid inclusion studies on the quartz samples collected from the mineralized veins indicate that the temperature range of the fluids is 235A degrees C to 340A degrees C and the salinities are 0.7 to 4.49 wt. % NaCl equivalent. The wide range of homogenization temperatures indicates that two different fluid generations were trapped in quartz. Sulfur isotope studies of the sulfide minerals showed that all of the delta S-34 values are between -2.1 and 2.6 per mil. These values are a typical range for hydrothermal sulfide minerals that have sulfur derived from a magmatic source. Pyrite-galena and pyrite-chalcopyrite sulfur isotope fractionation is consistent with an approach to isotopic equilibrium, and calculated temperatures are 254.6 and 277.4A degrees C for pyrite-galena and 274.7A degrees C for pyrite-chalcopyrite. The microthermometric data and sulfur isotope thermometry indicate the existence of a hydrothermal fluid that circulated along the fault crossing the Simav metamorphics and ArA +/- kayasA +/- formation. Fluid inclusion and sulfur isotope thermometry can be used in combination with ore petrographical and geological information to provide site-specific targets for meso-hypothermal metal concentrations.Öğe Genetic Characteristics of the Gozecukuru As-Sb Deposits Near Kutahya, Turkey(SPRINGER INDIA, 2012) Arik, FetullahGoze double dagger ukuru As-Sb-Pb-Zn mine is located 1.2 km NW of Sahin village and 22 km west of Kutahya in NW Turkey. The aim of this study is to explain the genetic characteristics of the As-Sb deposits by using multivariate statistical analysis methods. Low-grade metamorphic rocks of the upper Paleozoic Sahin Formation occur as the basement of the study area. Cenozoic volcano-sedimentary units (Tavsanli volcanites and Emet Formation) overlie the Sahin Formation unconformably. The mineralization occurs mainly as veins and partly as disseminations and fillings of interstices in the rhyodacitic and rhyolitic tuffs of Tavsanli Volcanics. Common primary ore minerals are stibnite, realgar, galena, sphalerite, pyrite and arsenopyrite, and secondary minerals are orpiment, senarmontite and valentinite. Barite is the dominant gangue mineral, with a small amount of quartz, calcite and dolomite. Average As, Sb, Pb, Zn and Ba concentrations in the samples from the study area are 6.04%, 4938 ppm, 4589 ppm, 1.17% and 10.36 % respectively. Three significant groups appear in the cluster analysis of ore samples. First group consists of Pb-Ag and Zn-Cd. The second group consists of Sb-Tl-Hg and As. The last group is the Ba-Sr. There are three significant factors in the factor analysis. First factor reflects the formation of primary sulphide minerals, the second factor represents the formation of low temperature sulphide and sulphosalt minerals and the last factor depicts interstices-filling mineralization. Average homogenization temperature of the fluid inclusion in barites is 221 A degrees C. Geological, petrographical and geochemical data suggest that the Goze double dagger ukuru As-Sb deposit was formed under epithermal conditions.Öğe GEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE CARIKSARAYLAR-KOZLUCAY AREA (ISPARTA-TURKYE)(INT SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE SGEM, 2008) Bozkir, Yesim; Ayhan, Ahmet; Arik, FetullahThe study area is located in southeastern part of Sultandaglari, 50 km to the northeast of Isparta. The geological units exposed in the area are: The Lower-Middle Cambrian Caltepe Formation, which comprises grey and pink coloured recrystallized limestone, nodular limestone, dolomitic limestone and dolomite, is the oldest unit. The Upper Cambrian - Lower Ordovician Seydisehir Formation conformably overlies the Caltepe formation and comprises green to brown coloured metasandstone, quartzite, phyllite, calcshists, schist. The Upper Jurassic Mezardere formation lies with an angular unconformity on the Seydisehir Formation and comprises dolomite, dolomitic limestone and limestone. The Upper Jurassic Islikayatepe volcanite is composed of volcanite, partly weathered volcanite and autochthonous bauxite. The bauxite occurrences are aligned generally in NW-SE direction and seen in two or three levels depending on the localities. The Upper Cretaceous Aktassirti limestone consists mainly of limestone with dolomitic level. The Miocene lacustrine Bagkonak formation consists of cream and orange coloured, poorly sorted conglomerates, mudstones, claystones, sandstones and sandy limestones. Locally Recent alluvium is seen.Öğe GEOLOGICAL SETTING AND PETROGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BOZKIR OPHIOLITIC MELANGE, BOZKIR (KONYA- TURKIYE).(INT SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE SGEM, 2008) Ozturk, Alican; Karadag, M. Muzaffer; Ayhan, Ahmet; Arik, Fetullah[Abstract not Available]Öğe GEOLOGY, MINERALOGY AND GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GOZECUKURU (KUTAHYA) As-Sb DEPOSITS, NW TURKIYE(INT SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE SGEM, 2008) Arik, FetullahThe Gozecukuru As-Sb mineralization was occured in an area of 2,1 km(2), which is located near the small town of Sahin Village, 22 kin west of Kutahya. Low-grade metamorphic rocks (metasandstones, metaconglomerate, chalcshist, graphitic mikaschists, and micaschist and quartz schist) of Upper Paleozoic (Carboniferous-Permian) aged Sahin Formation form the basement. The rhyolitic and rhyodacitic tuffs of Middle-Upper Miocene aged Tavsanli volcanites uncomformably covers to the Sahin Formation. The Upper Pliocene aged Emet formation, composed of limestone and dolomitic limestones, uncomformably lie on the Tavsanli volcanites. The As- Sb mineralization occur as mainly veins and partly disseminations in the rhyolitic and rhyodacitic tuffs of Tavsanli volcanites. Ore microscobic studies of the samples show that common primary ore minerals are stibnite, realgar, galena, sphalerite, pyrite and arsenopyrite while secondary minerals are orpiment, senormantite and valentinite, Barite is the dominant gangue mineral with little quartz, calcite and dolomite. There is an old open pit mining site and many arsenic compounds in the residiues of this site in the study area. According to chemical analysis of the samples of the study area, mean As and Ba concentrations are 10.71% and 11.15% while mean Sb, Pb, Zn, Sr and Tl concentrations are 2849 ppm, 1149 prom, 5075 ppm 1958 ppm and 362 ppm respectively. Geological, petrographical and geochemical data indicate that The Gozecukuru deposit possibly can be correlated by the late phase of meso-epithermal Gumuskoy Ag-Pb-Zn deposits.Öğe Mineralogical and petrographical characteristics of the Aladag skarn deposit (Ezine/Canakkale-West Turkey)(ACADEMIC JOURNALS, 2011) Arik, Fetullah; Aydin, UmitThe study area located 35 km south of the Canakkale city center and 8 km southwest of Ezine County (Canakkale-Turkey) and covers about 80 km(2). The main settlements in the study area are Aladag, Kemalli, Uskufcu, Kocali and Gokcebayir villages. Pre(?) Cambrian to Holocene aged magmatic, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks crop out in the study area. The basement of the study area is formed by Lower Cambrian- Pre(?)-Lower Cambrian aged Geyikli formation, comprising primitive alternating sequenced low-grade metamorphic rocks, such as sandstone-claystone-limestone. Geyikli formation is overlaid by the middle-late Permian Bozalan formation, which consists of recrystallized limestones. Cretaceous aged Denizgoren Ophiolites thrusted over the older units. Upper Oligocene-lower Miocene Hallaclar volcanics composed of altered andesite and rhyolite. On the other hand, Kestanbol Pluton, same age with Hallaclar volcanics and represented by mainly quartz-monzonite, monzonite, monzodiorite porphyry, syenite porphyry and quartz-syenite porphyry. Lower-middle Miocene aged Ezine volcanics composed of pyroxene-andesite and trachyte. Plio-quaternary Bayrami Formation overlaid these units with disconformity and also consists of slightly cemented conglomerate, sandstone and mudstone. In the study area, Hallaclar volcanics and Denizgoren Ophiolites were affected by alteration with the intrusion of Kestanbol Pluton. Skarn type mineralization was developed close to Kestanbol Pluton contacts with the carbonaceous rocks of the Bozalan formation and Denizgoren Ophiolites which is located north of Aladag. Highly dense clay alteration is observed near the contacts of Hallaclar volcanics with the Kestanbol Pluton. Therefore Ca-silicates and some metallic enrichment such as iron, copper, zinc and lead were developed in the skarn zone. Malachite fillings are observed in the fractures of the pluton. Mainly garnet (grossular), tremolite/actinolite, epidote and zoisite/clinozoisite paragenesis were observed while minor amounts of talc, wollastonite, augite, diopside were determined in the thin section samples, taken from skarn mineralization, which is located north of Aladag. In addition, the main ore minerals are represented by magnetite, hematite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galenite, cerussite, covellite, digenite, malachite and pyrite in the polished section samples, taken from the same location with thin section samples.Öğe S, O and Pb isotopic evidence on the origin of the Inkaya (Simav-Kutahya) Cu-Pb-Zn-(Ag) Prospect, NW Turkey(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2015) Ozen, Yesim; Arik, FetullahThe Inkaya Cu-Pb-Zn-(Ag) prospect is a typical example of the hydrothermal mineralization occurring in the Menderes Massif, which crop out in Western Anatolia. The prospect located approximately 20 km west of Simav (Kutahya-Turkey) in northern part of the Menderes Massif have been characterized through the detailed examinations involving geological, mineralogical, whole-rock geochemistry, fluid inclusion, stable isotope and lead isotope. The Inkaya Cu-Pb-Zn-(Ag) prospect is located along an E-W-trending fault in the Cambrian Simav Metamorphics, which consist of quartz-muscovite schist, quartz-biotite schist, muscovite schist, biotite schist and the Ankayast Formation, which is composed of marbles. Galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite and fahlore are the main minerals, and they are accompanied by small amounts of cerussite, anglesite, digenite, enargite, chalcocite, covellite, bornite, and Fe-oxides with gangue quartz. In addition to Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag, the ore samples contain substantial quantities of As, Cd and Bi and small amount of Au. Average contents of Cu, Pb, Zn and Ag are 77,400 ppm, 102,600 ppm, 6843 ppm and 203 ppm, respectively. The delta S-34 values for galena, chalcopyrite and pyrite formed in the same stage vary in the range from -1.7 to -2.1% (average -2.0), 0.1 to 03 parts per thousand (average 0.2) and -1.5 to 2.6 parts per thousand (average +1.5), respectively. delta S-34 values for H2S, representing the composition of the fluids responsible for the sulfide mineral formations and calculated from the delta S-34 value are between -2.77 and 133 parts per thousand; it is consistent with the sulfur in sulfide minerals. delta O-18(quartz) values range from 11.3 to 16.4 parts per thousand and estimated delta O-18(fluid) values range from 5.4 to 10.6 parts per thousand. Pyrite-galena and pyrite-chalcopyrite pairs calculated to determine equilibrium isotope temperatures based on 8345 values are between 254.6 and 277.4 degrees C for pyrite-galena and 274.7 degrees C for pyrite-chalcopyrite. Sulfur and oxygen isotope values similar to the values for fluid equilibrated with an felsic magmatic source. Fluid inclusion studies on quartz of the same silicification stage coexisting with galena, sphalerite and chalcopyrite collected from the mineralized vein indicate that the temperature range of the fluids is 235 degrees C to 340 degrees C and that the salinities are 0.7 to 4.49 wt.% NaCl equivalent The wide range of homogenization temperatures and relatively lower salinities of the fluid inclusions indicate that at least two different fluid generations were trapped in the quartz from only one fluid type. Also, lower salinities of fluid inclusion probably indicate mixing of meteoric water and magmatic fluid. The galena has Pb-206/Pb-204 values of 18.862-18.865, Pb-207/Pb-204 values of 15.707-15.711, and Pb-208/Pb-204 values of 39.033-39.042. The lead isotope values show a similarity with upper crustal values. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
