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    Comparative evaluation of salivary microbial levels and periodontal status of patients wearing fixed and removable orthodontic retainers
    (MOSBY-ELSEVIER, 2019) Eroglu, Ahmet Kubilay.; Baka, Zeliha Muge.; Arslan, Ugur.
    Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate salivary microbial levels and periodontal status in patients using a fixed lingual retainer, a removable vacuum-formed retainer, or a Hawley retainer after orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Forty-five patients who finished their orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and were about to start the retention phase were randomly divided into the following 3 groups of 15 individuals each: the fixed lingual retainer group, the vacuum-formed retainer group, and the Hawley retainer group. Periodontal measurements, such as the plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, and bleeding on probing, were obtained at the following 4 time points: at debonding (T0) and 1 week (T1), 5 weeks (T2), and 13 weeks (T3) after debonding. Saliva samples were collected 3 times in total: at T0, T2, and T3. A quantitative analysis for Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei was performed with the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction. The Kruskal-Wallis test and 1-way analysis of variance were used for the statistical comparisons of the groups. No statistically significant difference in salivary S mutans and L casei levels was found among the 3 groups (P >0.05). They showed no statistically significant differences in plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, and probing depth values (P >0.05). All periodontal parameters showed statistically significant decreases from T0 to T3 in all 3 groups (P <0.001). The S mutans and L casei levels were decreased significantly from T2 to T3 in the lingual retainer and Hawley retainer groups, whereas they decreased significantly from T0 to T3 in the vacuum-formed retainer group. Fixed and removable orthodontic retainers do not differ in salivary S mutans and L casei levels and periodontal status. With all retainers, regardless of whether they are fixed or removable, oral hygiene improved after orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.
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    Myroides sp, a rare opportunistic infective agent, at a hospital in Turkey
    (SOUTHEAST ASIAN MINISTERS EDUC ORGANIZATION, 2019) Kara, Iskender.; Kalem, Fatma.; Unaldi, Ozlem.; Arslan, Ugur.
    Myroides sp is a rare cause of infection, which can be fatal. Myroides spp isolates were obtained from urinal specimens of in- and out-patients attending a hospital in Turkey during July 2015 to November 2017. Myroides sp identification was based on colony morphology, biochemical properties and partial sequence of 16S rDNA, revealing the presence of M. odoratus. Antibiogram profiles showed almost all Myroides sp strains from in-patients (n = 11) were resistant to 13 antibiotics tested except for 50% that were intermediate resistant to tigecycline, whereas strains from out-patients (n = 4) were susceptible or intermediate susceptible. However, all Myroides sp strains lacked the six carbapenem resistance genes examined. Pulse-field gel-electrophoresis demonstrated clonality among four strains from in-patients. Clinical features of five in-patients and two outpatients isolates were believed to be due to Myroides infection and were treated accordingly; however, two died. Two out-patients believed to be infected recovered completely upon treatment. Ten in-patients had renal problems and all outpatients had urological problems or chronic renal failure. Myroides spp caused infection in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients in our study. Although tigecycline was used as first line treatment for Myroides-infected in-patients at this hospital, antibiograms of Myroides spp cultured from both in-and out-patients at other hospitals should be maintained to assist in prescribing appropriate antibiotics. Although Myroides infection is rare, its innate multi-drug resistance and propensity among patients with renal and urological problems warrants microbiological attention.