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    Effect of femtosecond laser beam angle on bond strength of zirconia-resin cement
    (SPRINGER LONDON LTD, 2015) Akpınar, Yusuf Ziya; Kepceoğlu, Abdullah; Yavuz, Tevfik; Aslan, Muhammed A.; Demirtağ, Zülfikar; Kılıç, Hamdi S.; Üşümez, Aslıhan
    Yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) ceramic is widely used as an all-ceramic core material because of its enhanced mechanical and aesthetic properties. The bond strength of Y-TZP restorations affects long-term success; hence, surface treatment is required on ceramic boundaries. This study evaluated the effect of different laser beam angles on Y-TZP-resin cement shear bond strength (SBS). Forty plates of Y-TZP ceramics were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10). A femtosecond amplifier laser pulse was applied on Y-TZP surface with different incidence angles (90A degrees, 75A degrees, 60A degrees, 45A degrees). The resin cement was adhered onto the zirconia surfaces. The SBS of each sample was measured using universal testing machine at crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The SBS was analyzed through one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)/Tukey tests. The results showed that the degree of laser beam angle affects the SBS of resin cement to Y-TZP. The laser beam was applied to a surface with a 45A degrees angle which resulted in significantly higher SBS (18.2 A +/- 1.43 MPa) than other groups (at 90A degrees angulation (10.79 A +/- 1.8 MPa), at 75A degrees (13.48 A +/- 1.2 MPa) and at 60A degrees (15.85 A +/- 0.81 MPa); p < 0.001). This study shows that decreasing of the angle between the ceramic surface and the laser beam increased the SBS between the resin cement and the ceramic material, as well as the orifice.