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    A silanol-functionalized polyoxometalate with excellent electron transfer mediating behavior to ZnO and TiO2 cathode interlayers for highly efficient and extremely stable polymer solar cells
    (ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY, 2018) Tountas, Marinos; Topal, Yasemin; Verykios, Apostolis; Soultati, Anastasia; Kaltzoglou, Andreas; Papadopoulos, Theodoros A.; Auras, Florian
    Combining high efficiency and long lifetime under ambient conditions still poses a major challenge towards commercialization of polymer solar cells. Here we report a facile strategy that can simultaneously enhance the efficiency and temporal stability of inverted photovoltaic architectures. Inclusion of a silanolfunctionalized organic-inorganic hybrid polyoxometalate derived from a PW9O34 lacunary phosphotungstate anion, namely (nBu(4)N)(3)[PW9O34(tBuSiOH)(3)], significantly increases the effectiveness of the electron collecting interface, which consists of a metal oxide such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide, and leads to a high efficiency of 6.51% for single-junction structures based on poly(3-hexylthiophene): indene-C60 bisadduct (P3HT: IC(60)BA) blends. The above favourable outcome stems from a large decrease in the work function, an effective surface passivation and a decrease in the surface energy of metal oxides which synergistically result in the outstanding electron transfer mediating capability of the functionalized polyoxometalate. In addition, the insertion of a silanol-functionalized polyoxometalate layer significantly enhances the ambient stability of unencapsulated devices which retain nearly 90% of their original efficiencies (T-90) after 1000 hours.