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    Dog massacre with pesticide for theft: Methomyl poisoning
    (KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2019) Ozdemir, Ozgur; Ates, Mehmet Burak; Ortatatli, Mustafa; Terzi, Funda; Avci, Tulay; Hatipoglu, Fatih; Ciftci, Mustafa Kemal
    In this case report, acute methomyl poisoning in dogs is described by pathological and toxicological findings for the first time in Turkey. Five of the thirty stray dogs that were found dead within 1-2 days after eating the foodstuffs in an industrial area in Konya were necropsied. Grossly, undigested pieces of chicken meat with a mild insecticidal smell in stomach of all dogs were found and toxicological analysis by GC-MS revealed toxic levels of methomyl in the stomach contents (15.7-17.8 ppm) and, intestines, livers and kidneys (1.2-2.9 ppm) also. In addition, histopathologically degenerative and necrotic changes were observed in liver, brain, lung, kidneys and gastrointestinal system mucosa. Postmortem and histopathological examinations and toxicological analyses revealed that deaths were related to methomyl poisoning and it has been subsequently learned from the police officers and printed media that this poison had been deliberately infected to dog food for the purpose of theft committed in the industrial area. Publishing these intentional poisoning events, we have wanted to draw attention to that more serious measures and statutory regulations should be taken by governments about animal rights.
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    In Vitro Activity of Toxin Binders on Aflatoxin B1 in Poultry Gastrointestinal Medium
    (UNIV AGRICULTURE, FAC VETERINARY SCIENCE, 2018) Yalcin, Nihayet Fadime; Avci, Tulay; Isik, Mehmet Kursat; Oguz, Halis
    The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of organic, inorganic and mixed toxin binders (TB) commonly used in poultry feeds to bind aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in in vitro conditions. A total of 20 TBs, which were commonly used in the poultry industry, were divided into three groups as organic, inorganic and mix according to their contents. For each TB was used in in vitro poultry mediums both at pH 3 and 6.8 to represent proventriculus and intestine of poultry, respectively. Control groups were prepared from standard AFB1 and its dilutions; and the treatment groups were prepared from TBs (10mg) and standard AFB1 and its dilutions. After mixing and incubation periods, the samples (8 control, 6 organic, 6 inorganic and 8 mix) were analyzed in 4 replicates (2 for pH 3 and 2 for 6.8) by the method of Vicam aflatest method in HPLC-FLD after extraction and filtration processes. The binding capacity of inorganic TBs was found to be the highest, 98 and 93% at pH 3.0 and 6.8 while the organic TBs were the lowest, 40 and 45% at pH 3.0 and 6.8 respectively. Likewise, the binding capacity of mix TBs to AFB1 was found 96 and 88% at pH 3.0 and 6.8 in in vitro conditions. It was concluded that the inorganic and mix TBs were found to be effective to bind AFB1 among the TBs and could be applied to reduce the negative effects of AFB1 in poultry feeds. The organic TBs were found to be not sufficient to bind AFB1. (C) 2017 PVJ. All rights reserved
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    Investigation of mycotoxin residues in poultry feeds by LC MS/MS method
    (ANKARA UNIV PRESS, 2017) Yalcin, Nihayet Fadime; Isik, Mehmet Kursat; Avci, Tulay; Oguz, Halis; Yurduseven, Tuncay
    In this study, it was aimed to determine the levels of mycotoxin contamination in poultry feeds in Konya, Afyonkarahisar, Aksaray and Nigde which constitutes 26.2% of the poultry production in Turkey. For this purpose a total of 73 readyto- consume poultry feed samples from poultry farms in four provinces were collected. A general screening in feeds was performed in terms of mycotoxin presence and contamination levels. Samples were analyzed for aflatoxin B-1, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, fumonisin and deoxynivalenol levels by LC-MS/MS multi-mycotoxin method. The levels of different mycotoxins in feeds obtained from poultry farms, the proportion of positive samples and the percentage of presence in the feeds were compared in terms of maximum residue limit (MRL). It was concluded that the feeds were found to be contaminated with low rates of mycotoxins, in terms of mycotoxin types and levels in the regions screened. However, the exceeded rates were found only 1% for aflatoxin B1 (>= 5 ppb) in poultry feeds according to communique on undesirable substances in animal feed (RG 2014/11) while other mycotoxins were below the MRL.
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    Milk and Blood Pharmacokinetics of Tylosin and Tilmicosin following Parenteral Administrations to Cows
    (HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION, 2014) Avci, Tulay; Elmas, Muammer
    The aim of this study is to determine the pharmacokinetics of tylosin and tilmicosin in serum and milk in healthy Holstein breed cows (n = 12) and reevaluate the amount of residue in milk. Following the intramuscular administration of tylosin, the maximum concentrations (C-max) in serum and milk were found to be 1.30 +/- 0.24 and 4.55 +/- 0.23 mu g/mL, the time required to reach the peak concentration (C-max) was found to be 2nd and 4th h, and elimination half-lives (t(1/2 beta)) were found to be 20.46 +/- 2.08 and 26.36 +/- 5.55 h, respectively. Following the subcutaneous administration of tilmicosin, the C-max in serum and milk were found to be 0.86 +/- 0.20 and 20.16 +/- 1.13 mu g/mL, the C-max was found to be 1st and 8th h, and the t(1/2 beta) were found to be 29.94 +/- 6.65 and 43.02 +/- 5.18 h, respectively. AUC(milk) /AUC(serum) and Cmax-milk /Cmax-serum rates, which are indicators for determining the rate of drugs that pass into milk, were, respectively, calculated as 5.01 +/- 0.72 and 3.61 +/- 0.69 for tylosin and 23.91 +/- 6.38 and 20.16 +/- 1.13 for tilmicosin. In conclusion, it may be stated that milk concentration of tylosin after parenteral administration is higher than expected like tilmicosin and needs more withdrawal period for milk than reported.