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Öğe Effect of oregano and sage extracts on microbiological quality of molten butter(KARGER, 2004) Ayar, A.; Özcan, Musa; Akgül, A.Effects of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and sage (Salvia fruticosa L.) extracts on microbiological quality of butter were investigated. The extracts and their combinations were individually added into butter at 0.3% (W/W) concentrations. For comparison, 0.2% (w/w) sorbic acid was used. The close-up samples were stored at 20degreesC for 4 weeks. Microbiological qualities of butters treated with spices extracts were better than that of control. Spices extracts and their combinations exhibited antimicrobial effects in butter; however their antimicrobial activities were lower than that of sorbic acid. Oregano among the spices extracts showed highest inhibition effect on moulds and yeasts, lipolytic, proteolytic microorganisms and coliform group, and sage was effective on total bacteria, lactobacilli.Öğe Effects of oregano and sage extracts on microbiological quality of molten butter(ASSN FOOD SCIENT TECHN INDIA, 2004) Ayar, A.; Özcan, Musa; Akgül, AttilaEffects of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and sage (Salvia fruticosa L.) extracts on microbiological quality of butter were investigated. The extracts and their combinations were individually added into butter at 0.1 or 0.3% (w/w) concentrations. For comparison, 0.2% (w/w) sorbic acid was used. The close-up samples were stored at 20 degreesC for 4 weeks. The water content, pH and growth of several microorganism groups were determined at regular intervals in all samples. Microbiological quality of butter samples treated with herb extracts was higher than that of control. Herb extracts and their combinations exhibited antimicrobial effects in butter, however, their antimicrobial activities were lower than that of sorbic acid. Oregano at 0.3% among the herb extracts showed highest inhibition effect on molds and yeasts, lipolytic, proteolytic microorganisms and coliform group, and 0.3% sage was effective on total bacteria, lactobacilli and coliform group. Differences among the groups were statistically significant (p < 0.01).Öğe Estrus and Pregnancy Rates of Konya Merino Ewes Treated with a Double Injection of Cloprostenol at Different Intervals(ARCHIV FUR TIERZUCHT, 1997) Tekeli, Tevfik; Aksoy, Melih; Semacan, A.; Karaca, F.; Ayar, A.The effect of a double injection of cloprostenol given at different intervals on estrus and pregnancy rates after artificial insemination were evaluated in cycling Konya Merino ewes. Two injections of 125 mu g of cloprostenol were given to the ewes in group I (n=30), II (n=30) and III (n=31) at an interval of 8, 11 or 14 days, respectively. Ewes in group IV (n=28) served as control and received a double injection of saline at an interval of 8 days. Estrus ewes were detected by teaser rams during five days, 17 days in group IV, following the second treatment and intracervically inseminated by fresh semen. Estrus and pregnancy rates after first insemination in group I II, III and IV were 86.7, 100.0, 83.9 and 89.3% and 50.0, 60.0, 80.6 and 75.0%, respectively. It was concluded that an interval of 14 days may provide better pregnancy rates compared to those 8 and II days intervals in artificially inseminated ewes.Öğe Ligand-exchange Chromatography of Some Amino-acids on Co(Ii)-loaded Cmdae-sporopollenin Resin(MARCEL DEKKER INC, 1995) Ayar, A.; Yıldız, S.; Pehlivan, E.Sporopollenin obtained from Lycopodium clavatum has been modified as an ligand-exchange material. In this study, the possibility of using sporopollenin as a ligand exchanger in the chromatographic separation of amino acids is examined. Since sporopollenin has important advantages (it is stable to chemicals and has a constant mesh size), it can be used as a column packing material. By first treating sporopollenin with 1,2-diaminoethane and then with bromoacetic acid, carboxylated diaminoethylsporopollenin (CMDAE-sporopollenin) was obtained. This new resin was loaded with Co(II) transition element and used as a ligand-exchange material in the separation of amino acids. Using the ligand-exchange technique on Co(II)-loaded carboxylated diaminoethylsporopollenin is a suitable chromatographic method for the separation of most common amino acids.Öğe The Study of Kinetic Models for Ligand Exchange of Anions as Ligands Using Ligand-Exchange Resin(JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 1997) Ersöz, M.; Yiğitoğlu, M.; Ayar, A.A comparative study of kinetic models for ligand exchange of I- --> Cl- and Br- --> Cl- as ligands as a function of pH and concentration using diaminoethyl-sporopollenin (DAE-sporopollenin) resin were investigated during the ligand-exchange reaction of the liquid phase. A batch technique was employed for the study of the kinetics of I and Br/Cl exchange as ligands. Five kinetic models were applied to the experimental data. The rate of ligand exchange was increased with decreasing of the hydrated ionic radius and pH. The curve fitting of the mathematical models and the behavior of the kinetic curves are discussed for direct ligand exchange under the conditions employed.
