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The adsorption behavior of crystal violet in functionalized sporopollenin-mediated column arrangements
(ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2006) Gezici, Orhan; Kucukosmanoglu, Muhittin; Ayar, Ahmet
The adsorption behavior of Crystal Violet (CV) on a sporopollenin-based solid phase, carboxylated diaminoethane sporopollenin (CDAE-S), was investigated under column conditions, and the obtained breakthrough profiles were used in evaluations and quantifications. The adsorption capacity of the CDAE-S was observed to be considerably higher than that of diaminoethane sporopollenin (DAE-S), revealing the importance of electrostatic interactions and carboxyl groups in the adsorption of CV on the CDAE-S. The binding of CV on the DAE-S was found to be a typical nonspecific adsorption, whilst cation-exchange was proposed as the main mechanism for monolayer adsorption of CV on the CDAE-S. Hence in the present study, the cation-exchange is suggested as an effective process for removal and recovery of CV from aqueous effluents, and in view of the pH point of zero charge matter, multifunctionality of the CDAE-S is discussed in detail, and various application possibilities based on "aminocarboxylic acid" functionality are also drawn. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The adsorption behaviors of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange in a diaminoethane sporopollenin-mediated column system
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2006) Kucukosmanoglu, Muhittin; Gezici, Orhan; Ayar, Ahmet
The adsorption behaviors of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange on a diaminoethane sporopollenin (DAE-S) solid phase were investigated in a column arrangement, and breakthrough profiles were used in evaluations and quantifications. The adsorption behaviors were evaluated using some common adsorption isotherm models and Scatchard plot analysis. The results showed that the DAE-S was useful for abstracting anionic dyes from cationic dyes. Thus, the usability of a biopolymer derived material (DAE-S) as a cheap, environmentally friendly and effective solid/stationary phase is discussed through the present study, and the adaptability of the DAE-S to common processes performed under column conditions is also drawn in detail. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Adsorptive removal of Methylene blue and Methyl orange from aqueous media by carboxylated diaminoethane sporopollenin: On the usability of an aminocarboxilic acid functionality-bearing solid-stationary phase in column techniques
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2007) Ayar, Ahmet; Gezici, Orhan; Kucukosmanoglu, Muhittin
The adsorption phenomena of Methylene blue (MB) and Methyl orange (MO) on a carboxylated diaminoethane sporopollenin (CDAE-S) solid phase were investigated in a column arrangement by using breakthrough technique. The adsorption phenomena were evaluated using some common adsorption isotherm models and Scatchard plot analysis, and obtained results were interpreted for evaluating the usability of CDAE-S for removal, recovery and preconcentration of the studied dyes both at the laboratory and industrial scales. On the basis of Scatchard plot analysis, the interaction types between the CDAE-S and the studied dyes were criticized in terms of affinity phenomena. Thus, the usability of a biomacromolecule-derived material, CDAE-S, as a cheap, environmentally-friendly and effective solid-stationary phase exhibiting both cation-exchange and anion-exchange characteristics at the same time, is discussed through the present study. Besides, from the obtained results, the protonated CDAE-S, which functionally resembles an amino acid structure, are presented as a two-in-one solid- stationary phase, and its adaptability to common processes performed under column conditions is also drawn in detail. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Butter Stability as Affected by Extracts of Sage, Rosemary and Oregano
(FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC, 2001) Ayar, Ahmet; Özcan, Musa; Akgül, Attila; Akın, Nihat
Effect of methanolic extracts of sage (Salvia fruticosa L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) on butter stability were investigated. All extracts were individually added to butter at 0.02 or 0.05%. For comparison, 0.02% butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and control group were also prepared and tested. The samples were stored at 25 or 5C. The peroxide value, free fatty acids and thiobarbituric acid value were determined at regular intervals for all samples. Spice extracts and their combinations exhibited a better effect than that of BHA in stabilizing butter against oxidation. The most effective extract was that of sage. The extracts significantly stabilized butter (P<0.05). Butter samples stored at SC were more stable (P<0.05) than those kept at 25C.
Co (II) yüklü sporopollenin kullanarak aminoasitlerin ligand değiştirme kromatografisi ile ayrılması ve bazı parametrelerin tayini
(Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1991-09-10) Ayar, Ahmet; Yıldız, Salih
Lycopodium clavatum'dan elde edilen sporopollenin ligand değiştirici olarak hazırlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada sporopolleninin aminoasitlerin ayrılmasında ligand değiştirici olarak kullanılabilmesi imkanları araştırılmıştır. Sporopolleninin kimyasal maddelere karşı kararlı olması ve sabit tanecik büyüklüğü gibi önemli avantajlara sahip olmasından dolayı kolon dolgu maddesi olarak kullanılabilir. Sporopollenin 1, 2-diaminoetan ile ve daha sonra bro- moasetik asit ile muamele edilerek karboksilli diamino- etan sporolenin elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu yeni reçine Co++ ile yüklenerek aminoasitlerin ayrılmasında ligand değiştirici olarak kullanılmıştır. Spororopollenin farklı büyüklükteki kolonlara dol durularak, kolon uzunluğunun ayırma üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca hareketli faz pH'ı ve ayrılacak madde konsantrasyonları değiştirilerek bunların kromatog- rafik ayırmalara etkileri incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak Co++ yüklü karboksilli diaminosporo- pollenin ligand değiştirme tekniğinin birçok temel amino asitin ayrılmasında uygun bir kromatografik metot olduğu söylenebilir.
The effect of microbial lipase on the lipolysis during the ripening of Tulum cheese
(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2005) Yılmaz, Güldane; Ayar, Ahmet; Akın, Nihat
The effect of microbial lipase enzyme addition on the ripening of Tulum cheese was investigated. Commercial microbial lipase (Piccantase A) was added to milk before rennet addition at a level of 0, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.11 g L-1 of cheese milk. Free fatty acids (FFA) (C-2-C-18:1) were analysed in the samples during the ripening period. Total solids, fat, salt, total nitrogen, titratable acidity, acidity index, total free fatty acids of cheeses slightly increased during the ripening period. Total FFAs and volatile FFA contents in cheeses were affected by the level of microbial lipase and their contents were increased significantly during the ripening period (P < 0.01). The relative amounts of volatile FFAs varied with ripening time and lipase levels. The addition of lipase to cheese milk could be recommended for the acceleration of flavour development in Tulum cheese over a short ripening period. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of Propolis Extracts on Butter Stability
(Food Nutrition Press Inc, 2003) Özcan, Musa; Ayar, Ahmet
The antioxidant effects of extracts of propolis were tested in butter stored at 5 and 25C Propolis samples were collected from bee hives. While oxidation rancidity of butter was evaluated by determining peroxide and thiobarbutiric acid (TBA) values, hydrolytic rancidity was determined by measuting free fatty acids (FFA) values. Both concentrations (0.02% and 0.05%) of propolis extracts tested exhibited antioxidant effect compared with controls during experiment at 5 and 25C Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) showed similar effects. Both concentrations of propolis extract at 5C were effective in retarding oxidation when compared with the control. A level of 0.05% of propolis extract allowed the TBA values during experiment to increase (P<0.01). The TBA values of 0.05% propolis added-butters were similar with that of 0.02% BIIA added butter. Propolis extracts at 25C significantly inhibited hydrolytic rancidity. While propolis extracts had effects on peroxide and FFA value of butter, propolis may be considered as a new source of natural antioxidants of moderate efficiency.
Effect of salep as a hydrocolloid on storage stability of 'Incir Uyutmasi' dessert
(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2009) Ayar, Ahmet; Sert, Durmus; Akbulut, Mehmet
Salep is a natural stabilizing agent used widely in Turkish-type Maras ice cream and some milk desserts. The effect of salep addition on the storage stability of a representative Incir Uyutmas1 dessert, prepared from whole cows' milk, fig and sugar was Studied. Dry matter. pH, viscosity, water-holding capacity (WHC), color properties (L*, a* b* values), mineral matters (Al, Ca, Cu, Fe. K, Mg, Na, P and Zn), sensorial properties and microbial quality of desserts were affected by salep addition, sugar and fig concentrations. Salep addition caused an important increase in the viscosity and the WHC of dessert. Salep. sugar and fig improved the storage stability of the dessert. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of Some Herb Essential Oils on Lipolysis in White Cheese
(Food Nutrition Press Inc, 2002) Ayar, Ahmet
The influence of some herb essential oils on the lipolysis of white cheese was examined The essential oils of Sirmo (wild Allium sp), thyme (wild Thymus sp) and mint (wild Mentha sp) were added individually or in combinations to cheeses. The cheese samples were ripened for 90 days at 5C Lipolysis rate increased from the beginning to the sixtieth day of ripening, then decreased up to 90 days in cheese samples. The highest lipolysis rate was observed in the control sample while the lowest was in thyme and sirmo-thyme added samples. Differences between cheese samples and ripening periods were found to be statistically significant (P<0.01) in terms of fatty acids production rates. Sirmo and mint essential oils did not affect the lipolysis of white cheese. The sensory acceptability of sirmo and mint essential oils added cheeses was superior to that of other samples.
The effect of some spices extracts on the oxidative stability of Yayik butter
(M H SCHAPER GMBH CO KG, 2015) Sert, Durmuş; Arslan, Derya; Ayar, Ahmet; Özcan, Mehmet Musa
The effects of ethyl acetate extracts of some spices on Yayik butter stability were investigated. All extracts were individually incorporated to butter at the levels of 0.2 and 0.5 %. For comparison, a positive control (0.01 % t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole; BHA) and a non additive-negative control were also prepared and tested. The butter samples were stored at 5 and 25 degrees C for both 120 days. The antioxidant activities of clove, thyme, rosemary, ginger and sumac extracts were similar to the activity of BHA in butter. Free fatty acid values of butter samples fortified by ethyl acetate extracts of cumin, sumac, rosemary, clove, sage and thyme were significantly lower than the values of negative control sample; whereas these fortified samples showed similar values to that of positive control sample. The antioxidative effects of extracts were more evident when the samples were stored at 25 degrees C. Sumac extract showed significant positive effects on storage stability of butter regarding both lower peroxide and thiobarbituric acid values. Cinnamon and sumac extracts brought the most preferred aroma in butter samples stored at 5 and 25 degrees C.
Effect of Temperature on Separation of Purine and Pyrimidine Bases on Novel Chelating Resin
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2002) Ayar, Ahmet; Mercimek, Bedrettin; Kara, Hüseyin; Çengeloğlu, Yunus
The novel chelating resin poly-bis [4-(4'-biphenyl)oxamidine]-diaminoglyoxime (PLH2) has been modified as ligand-exchange material with Co(II). The possibility of using PLH2 as ligand exchanger in the chromatographic separation of nucleic acid bases and nucleosides has been studied at various temperatures. PLH2 offers the advantage of combining high sorption capacity with high selectivity for the ligands. It has a strong driving force for ligand sorption. Ligand-exchange chromatography on Co(II)-loaded functionalized PLH2 can be a useful alternative method for separation of nucleic acid bases and nucleosides.
The effects of starter culture on chemical composition, microbiological and sensory characteristics of Turkish kasar cheese during ripening
(BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, 2007) Sert, Durmus; Ayar, Ahmet; Akin, Nihat
Kasar cheese samples were produced from raw milk and starter culture- added pasteurized milk. Chemical, microbiological and organoleptic properties of kasar cheeses were analysed at certain times during the ripening periods ( on the 1st, 7th, 15th, 30th, 60th, 90th days). Generally, chemical parameters were not affected by starter culture. The pH, ripening index, water- soluble nitrogen and non- protein nitrogen did not show significant differences between the cheese samples. The addition of starter affected the microbiological quality of the cheeses. Starter culture- added kasar cheeses contained low levels of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, moulds and yeasts, and coliforms, and achieved higher organoleptic scores than those of cheeses made from raw milk. The starter cultures contributed to acidity and microbial quality of the cheese. Kasar cheese samples were produced from raw milk and starter culture-added pasteurized milk. Chemical, microbiological and organoleptic properties of kasar cheeses were analysed at certain times during the ripening periods (on the 1st, 7th, 15th, 30th, 60th, 90th days). Generally, chemical parameters were not affected by starter culture. The pH, ripening index, water-soluble nitrogen and non-protein nitrogen did not show significant differences between the cheese samples. The addition of starter affected the microbiological quality of the cheeses. Starter culture-added kasar cheeses contained low levels of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, moulds and yeasts, and coliforms, and achieved higher organoleptic scores than those of cheeses made from raw milk. The starter cultures contributed to acidity and microbial quality of the cheese.
Eğitim Çağındaki Gençlerin Süt ve Süt Ürünleri Tüketim Alışkanlıklarının Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma
(2000) Ayar, Ahmet; Demirulus, Hüsrev
Bu çalışmada, 1995-1996 yılları arasında Van ilinde üniversite, lise, ortaokul ve ilkokul son sınıf öğrencilerinin oluşturduğu toplam 381 kişinin ve ailelerinin süt tüketim alışkanlıkları, bu alışkanlıklar üzerine etki eden faktörler ve süt hakkındaki bilgileri araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonuç-larına göre, öğrencilerin çoğu süt içmeyi sevmekte (% 80.0), süt içmeyi sevenlerin çoğunluğunu (% 79.2) köy kökenli öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Ankete katılan öğrencilerin çoğu (% 70.6) sütü sıcak olarak içmeyi tercih etmektedir. Ankete katılanların aileleri içerisinde ise en fazla sütü bebek-ler ve küçük kardeşler tüketmektedir. Öğrencilerin çoğunun sütün özellikleri ve besin değeri hakkında geniş bir bilgiye sahip olmadığı ortaya çık-mıştır. Araştırmaya katılan öğrenci ailelerinin aylık gelirleri ile günlük süt tüketim miktarları arasında istatistik! olarak çok önemli bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir (P 0.01).
Erythromycin Inhibits Prostaglandin F-2 Alpha-İnduced Contractions of Myometrium Isolated From Non-Pregnant Rats
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2002) Çelik, Hüsnü; Ayar, Ahmet; Baltacı, Abdülkerim; Tuğ, Niyazi
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of erythromycin on prostaglandin F-2alpha (PGF(2alpha))-induced contractions of isolated myometrial strips from non-pregnant rats. Design In vitro pharmacological study. Setting Firat University Faculty of Medicine. Sample Myometrium samples were taken from 55 adult Wistar rats. Methods Myometrial strips were isolated from mature, non-pregnant Wistar rats. Isometric contractions of these strips were induced with 1 muM PGF(2alpha). Effects of 0.01, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mM erythromycin on the frequency and amplitude of these PGF(2alpha)-induced contractions were recorded. Main outcome measures The inhibition of prostaglandin F-2alpha-induced contractions in vitro. Results Application of 0.01 mM erythromycin had no effect on either amplitude or frequency of contractions. However, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mM erythromycin decreased the frequency and amplitude of PGF(2alpha)-induced contractions. The inhibitory effect of erythromycin on amplitude was 27%, 38%, 54% and 83% (P < 0.05), and that on frequency was 10%, 16%, 32% and 61% (P < 0.05) at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mM concentrations, respectively. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate that erythromycin inhibits PGF(2alpha)-induced contractions in rat myometrium. Because PGF(2alpha)-induced contractions have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of primary dysmenorrhoea, effects of erythromycin in this clinical entity may present a new approach for the treatment.
Examination of the effects of different phosphodiesterase type 5 enzyme inhibitors on the isolated rat myometrium contraction
(BIOINTERFACE RESEARCH APPLIED CHEMISTRY, 2018) Kaçar, Doğan; Baltacı, Abdulkerim Kasım; Ayar, Ahmet; Moğulkoç, Rasim
The present study aims to explore the effects of the phosphodiesterase inhibitors tadalafil and vardenafil on the spontaneous contractions of isolated rat myometrium. The study included 45 virgin female rats weighing between 250 and 260 g. Two different agents were used in two different tissue cross-sections taken from each animal. Spontaneous contractions as well as the contractions following tadalafil and vardenafil applications (200, 400, and 600 mu l) in the tissue preparations, were evaluated in 10 minute periods in terms of frequency, amplitude, and the area under the contraction curve. Isometric contractions were measured and evaluated on the oscillographic records. The highest tadalafil dose (600 mu l) significantly reduced frequency in comparison to control values (p<0.01). Vardenafil did not produce any effect on contraction frequency. When the effects of the agents on contraction amplitude were evaluated, the highest dose of tadalafil was again found to lead to a significant drop in the amplitude (p<0.05). The same dose of tadalafil was also seen to markedly decrease the area under the curve (p<0.05). Results of the study indicate that tadalafil markedly inhibits the frequency, amplitude, and area under the contraction curve, all of which are isolated myometrial contraction parameters in rats, in a dose-dependent manner. However, vardenafil did not produce any effect on these parameters.
Fonksiyonel gruplar bağlanmış sporopollerinin ligand absorbsiyonunun incelenmesi
(Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1997-02-17) Ayar, Ahmet; Yıldız, Salih
Çalışmalar, ligand değiştirici sporopollenin kullanarak nükleik asit bazlarının ve nükleosidlerin pH ve sıcaklığın fonksiyonu olarak sulu çözeltiden adsorpsiyonu üzerine yürütülmüştür. Ligand değiştirici reçine üzerinde nükleik asit bazları ve nükleosidlerin adsorpsiyonu kolon metodu kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Deneyler, 25+1 °C de sabit sıcaklıkta yapılmıştır. Sulu çözeltiden nükleik asit bazları ve nükleosidlerin reçineye adsorplanmalarına ilişkin izotermler incelenmiştir. Ligand konsantrasyonları 0.0125-0.2 mmol/L olarak seçilmiştir. Sürekli sistemde ligand değiştirme işlemi kolon metodu ile çalışılmıştır. Adenin, adenozin, urasil ve üridin için reçinenin ligand değiştirme kapasitesi sırasıyla 0.01175, 0.00155, 0.00220, ve 0.00142 mmol/g reçine olarak tespit edilmiştir. Adenin, adenozin, urasil ve üridinin şelat reçine üzerinde adsorpsiyonuna ilişkin ligand bağlanma sabitleri ve korelasyon katsayıları Freundlich ve Langmuir eğrilerinden hesaplanmıştır. Ligand bağlanma sabitleri aşağıdaki sıraya göre artmıştır, urasil < üridin < adenozin < adenin. Her bir ligandm ligand değiştirici ile adsorpsiyonu Freundlich ve Langmuir adsorpsiyon izotermleri ile izah edilmiştir.
Ligand-Exchange Chromatography of Aromatic Amines on Resin-Bound Cobalt lon
(Marcel Dekker Inc, 1996) Pehlivan, Erol; Vural, Ufuk S.; Ayar, Ahmet; Yıldız, Salih
The use of cobalt metal for the selective separation of aromatic amines is completed with a chemically bonded diamine and glyoxime functional groups onto Lycopodium clavatum, Grimes and amines are excellent complexing agents for transition metal ions. Cobalt(II) metal ions can easily be immobilized on bis-diaminoethyl-glyoximated sporopollenin (bDAEG-sporopollenin). The ligand-exchange behavior of modified Lycopodium clavatum with respect to aromatic amines was investigated. This will permit the evaluation of bDAEG-sporopollenin ligand exchangers for their utilization as sorbents in the recovery, pollution control, and elimination of amines from wastewater.
Olgunlaşma Esnasında Beyaz Peynirin Lipolizi Üzerine Ilave Edilen Bazı Baharat Ekstarktlarının Etkisi
(2003) Ayar, Ahmet; Akyüz, Nurhan
Bu çalışmada, kontrol grubu ile birlikte 8 farklı peynir üretilmiştir. Peynir örnekleri 65C de 30 dakika pastörize edilmiş sütten yapılmıştır. Kültür olarak %1 oranında Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis ve Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremor/sln eşit karışımı kullanılmıştır. Kekik, nane ve sirmo ekstraktları ile bunların kombinasyonları ve sirmonun kendisi aroma maddesi olarak peynirlerin pıhtısına ilave edilmiştir. Üretilen peynirler 4C de 90 gün süreyle olgunlaştırılmıştır. Peynir örneklerinin bileşimi, mikrobiyolojik özellikleri, pH ve titrasyon asilliği değerleri olgunlaşma dönemleri ve örnekler arasında önemli farklılıklar göstermiştir (P0.01). En yüksek lipoliz oranı kontrol grubu peynir örneğinde, en düşük değer ise kekik-sirmo ekstraktı karışımının ilave edildiği peynir örneğinde belirlenmiştir. Lipoliz oranı bakımından örnekler arasında önemli farklılıklar (P0.01 ), olgunlaşmanın ilk 60 gününde de önemli bir artış olmuştur (P0.01 ).
On the removal of some phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions by using a sporopollenin-based ligand-exchange fixed bed - Isotherm analysis
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2008) Ayar, Ahmet; Gursal, Selpic; Gurten, A. Ali; Gezici, Orhan
Single component adsorption of phenol and 2-, 3- and 4-nitrophenol from water was studied under dynamic column conditions by using a carboxymethyl diaminoethane sporopollenin in a cobalt ion-loaded form, Co(II)-CDAE-S, as solid phase. Adsorption isotherm data were acquired by frontal analysis for five plateau concentrations ranged from 1.25 x 10(-5) to 2.00x 10(-4) mol l(-1). The studied ligand-exchange sporopollenin resin showed a selective adsorptive nature within the group of studied nitrophenols, and the nature of phenols' adsorption on the Co(II)-CDAE-S was analyzed in terms of specific bindings by using Scatchard plot analysis. In light of the Scatchard plot analysis, the adsorption of examined compounds was mainly attributed to the specific bindings based on the ligand-exchange matrix of the studied adsorbent. The nitro-substituted phenols were found to be less strongly adsorbed than the phenol, and both binding strength and theoretical saturation capacity had an obvious relationship with the position of nitro substituent: The theoretical saturation capacities calculated from applied isotherm models exhibited an increase in the order of phenol < 4-nitrophenol < 3-nitrophenol < 2-nitrophenol, whereas a reverse order was showed for binding strengths.
Shelf life determination of Yayik butter fortified with spice extracts
(WILEY, 2009) Arslan, Derya; Sert, Durmuş; Ayar, Ahmet; Özcan, Mehmet Musa
Sage (Salvia officinalis L.), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.), sumac (Rhus coriaria L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), ginger (Zingiber officinale), caraway (Cuminum cyminum L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) extracts were added at two concentrations (0.2 and 0.5%) to yayik butter. The butter samples were stored at two different temperatures, 4 degrees C and 25 degrees C. Product acceptability was monitored following the Weibull Hazard sensory method where the end of shelf life was the time at which 50% of panellists found the product unacceptable. Ginger, thyme and cinnamon extracts increased the shelf life of yayik butter and were comparable to the synthetic preservatives sorbic acid and BHA. The shelf life of the samples stored in the refrigerator was approximately twice as long as the samples stored at room temperature.

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