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    Effects of using ethanol-biodiesel-diesel fuel in single cylinder diesel engine to engine performance and emissions
    (PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2017) Aydin, F.; Ogut, H.
    In this study, biodiesel was produced from safflower seeds by converting the raw oil obtained through dampening them via the rolling process, roasting at 90 degrees C and pressing into Safflower Oil Methyl Esther (Safflower Biodiesel) using the trans-esterification method. Experimental fuels were obtained in the forms of D-100, B2.5M2.5D95, B5M5D90, B5M2.5D92.5 and B2.5M5D92.5 by mixing the biodiesel fuel obtained from safflower with diesel fuel, adding bio-ethanol at the rates of 2.5% and 5%, and volumetrically in inverse ratio. Tests were conducted to determine the fuel properties of the mixed fuels obtained and the diesel fuel, their kinematic viscosity, density, water content, pH level, caloric value, flash point, clouding, pour and freezing points, copper bar corrosion test, iodine number, CFPP (Cold Filter Plugging Point) test and cetane number. Moreover, the mixtures obtained and the diesel fuel were tried and examined in a water-cooled, four-stroke, single cylinder diesel engine that had a direct injection fuel system. As a result of the experiments, performance characteristics of the test engine were obtained. Exhaust emission values (CO, CO2, HC, O-2, SO2, NOR) were obtained from the exhaust stack of the test engine using the probe of the gas analysis device. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Molybdenum Speciation in Coal Bottom Ash Using a Sequential Extraction Procedure and Determination by FAAS
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2013) Aydin, F.; Saydut, A.; Gunduz, B.; Aydin, I.; Erdogan, S.; Hamamci, C.
    Coal bottom ash contains many elements that exist in different forms, which may change throughout the coal combustion process. This study presents the concentration and speciation of molybdenum in bottom ash of coal. Determination of total molybdenum was performed by two-stage microwave-acid digestion followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. A sequential extraction process to speciation of molybdenum from coal bottom ash was investigated. The most abundant form of molybdenum in samples is sulfide fraction of molybdenum. Relative abundances of the remaining fractions follow the order: Residual > Reduciple > Oxidizable > Exchangeable > Carbonate > Water soluble.