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    Enzyme histochemical and serological investigations on the immune system from chickens treated in ovo with aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1))
    (ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2011) Sur, E.; Celik, I.; Oznurlu, Y.; Aydin, M. F.; Oguz, H.; Kurtoglu, V.; Ozaydin, T.
    In this study, the detrimental effects of in ova administrated antitoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) on the immune system of chickens in the post-hatching period were investigated by enzyme histochemical and serological methods. For this purpose, 730 laying hen eggs were divided into 7 groups [3 control groups (not-treated, drilled-sealed and 30% ethanol (solvent)-injected groups) and 4 assay groups in which eggs were injected with increasing AFB(1) doses (2.5, 7.5, 12.5 and 17.5 ng/egg)] then conventionally incubated. The chickens were vaccinated against the Newcastle Disease (ND) and the Infectious Bursal Disease (I BE)) viruses on days 2, 5, 20 and on days 10 and 15 post-hatching, respectively. The serum antibody titres were assayed at the 1(st) and 28(th) days using Haemagglutination-Inhibition Test and ELISA respectively. The proportions of the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and the ANAE (alphanaphtyl acetate esterase) or ACP-ase (acid phosphatase) positive lymphocytes/PBL ratios were determined on the days 1, 10,20 and 28. The AFB(1)-treatment caused significant decreases in both the ANAE and ACP-ase positivity ratios of PBL., depending on the AFB(1) dose, during the post-hatching period, but the PBL counts were significantly depressed at the end of the experimental period only in chickens treated in ovo by the highest AFB(1) close (17.5 ng/egg). The anti-IBD antibody titres measured on the hatching day (maternal antibodies) and the anti-ND and IBD antibody titres measured on the day 28 post-hatching were significantly reduced in chicks treated with 12.5 and 17.5 ng AFB(1)/egg compared to the controls and have also gradually declined according to the AFB(1) dose. The results clearly evidenced that AFB(1) transferred into the fertilised eggs has caused deficiency in cellular and Immoral immunity and particularly in the embryo transfer of the maternal antibodies, that can partially explain the observed immunosuppressive AFB(1) effects in poultry.
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    Histological and Enzyme Histochemical Investigation of The Hemal Nodes of The Hair Goat
    (Informa Healthcare, 2012) Ozaydin, T.; Sur, E.; Celik, I.; Oznurlu, Y.; Aydin, M. F.
    We investigated the structure of the hemal node in six healthy hair goats using histological and enzyme histochemical methods. After processing, tissue sections were stained with Crossman's trichrome, Gordon-Sweet's silver and Pappenheim's panoptic stains. Alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (ACP-ase) were demonstrated in frozen sections. Hemal nodes were encapsulated by connective tissue and few smooth muscle cells. Several trabeculae originated from the capsule and extended into the hemal node. A subcapsular sinus was present beneath the capsule and was continuous with the deeper sinuses. Subcapsular and deep sinuses were filled with erythrocytes. The parenchyma consisted of lymphoid follicles, diffuse interfollicular lymphocytes and irregular wide lymphoid cords. Cortical and medullary regions were not distinct. ANAE (+) and ACP-ase (+) cells were located mainly in the germinal centers of the lymphoid follicles and also were scattered equally in the interfollicular region and lymphoid cords. Monocytes, macrophages and reticular cells displayed a diffuse positive reaction, whereas localized granular positivity was observed in lymphocytes. We demonstrated that the general structure of the hair goat hemal nodes is similar to that of other ruminant species.
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    Investigation of Alpha-Naphthyl Acetate Esterase and Acid Phosphatase in the Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Greyhounds
    (Informal Healthcare, 2012) Aydin, M. F.; Celik, I.; Sur, E.
    The purpose of our study was to determine the percentages of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE)and acid phosphatase (ACP)-positive peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), the presence of the ANAE and ACP enzymes in leukocytes, and the proportion of PBL in greyhounds. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the cephalic antebrachial vein of 14 (7 animals of each sex) healthy 1-2-year-old greyhounds. Mean percentages of ANAE-positive PBL were found to be 73.29 +/- 0.95% in female and 74.29 +/- 2.21% in male dogs. The difference between mean values of the genders was not statistically significant. The ACP values were 36.00 +/- 2.94% for females and 33.57 +/- 2.15% for males. No significant differences were found with regard to gender. For both enzymes, although monocytes and eosinophilic granulocytes displayed a positive reaction, neutrophils gave negative reactions. The proportion of PBL was 36.29 +/- 5.31% and 33.00 +/- 2.38 % in female and male dogs, respectively. The differences were not significant.