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    A comparative study on cobalt and aluminum as a dual doping element for CdO films
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2019) Cavusoglu, H.; Aydin, R.; Sahin, B.
    In the present study, we have delineated the synthesis of transparent conductive un-doped, Co doped (Co0.01Cd0.99 O) and Co:Al dual-doped CdO films [(Al-m,Co0.01Cd0.99-m) (m: 0.005, 0.01 and 0.02, respectively)] by using facile successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopic measurements had been executed to reveal the influence of Co and Al dopants on the morphological, crystallinity and optical characteristics of CdO films. The effect of Co doping and Co:Al dual doping on the surface morphology of CdO films was identified through SEM analysis. The EDX analysis results confirmed the presence of Co2+ and Al3+ dopant ions in the CdO lattices. The XRD measurements revealed that all of the SILAR-grown CdO films were polycrystalline with a cubic structure and exhibited (111) and (200) preferred orientations. The presence of chemical bonding was verified by FT-IR spectroscopic investigation. Furthermore, the optical band gap (E-g) values of the all deposited films were evaluated from UV-Vis spectrophotometric data. The ES values of all the films were remarkably widened in proportion to the Al doping from 1.92 eV to 3.05 eV. The investigations have shown that mono doping and dual doping have a substantial impact on the physical properties of SILAR-grown CdO films.
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    Complexing agent triethanolamine mediated synthesis of nanocrystalline CuO thin films at room temperature via SILAR technique
    (ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2019) Cavusoglu, H.; Aydin, R.
    In the present work, nanostructured cupric oxide (CuO) thin films have been successfully deposited on glass substrates by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique at room temperature. The influence of complexing agent as triethanolamine (TEA) on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical characteristics of nanocrystalline CuO thin films have been examined in detail. Structural studies confirm that all the films were polycrystalline nature having a monoclinic crystalline form and displayed ((1) over bar 11) and (111) preferential orientations. The estimated crystallite values ranged from 17.47 to 19.95 nm. The surface morphology of CuO thin films was examined through scanning electron microscopy and materials microscope studies. Surface studies revealed that homogeneously distributed CuO nanostructures on the film surfaces. The optical studies showed that band gap energy values of the CuO thin films were increased from 1.33 to 2.00 eV as a function of increasing TEA concentration. Meanwhile, the average transmittance of all the films had increased from 2.5 to 42.5% with the increasing TEA concentration. FTIR studies identified the formation of single phase CuO and chemical bonding of the complexing agent. The resistivity value of CuO thin film synthesized without TEA was 3.74 x 10(5) Omega cm and the resistivity consequently increased to 509 x 10(5) Omega cm with TEA concentration of 1.O M%. A high figure of merit (786 x 10(-12) Omega(-1)) was obtained for complexing agent concentration of 0.25 M%.
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    Li:Ce co-doped CdO films synthesized by SILAR method: Effects of rare earth element Ce content on the physical attributes
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2018) Aydin, R.; Sahin, B.
    Undoped, Li-doped (Li0.02Cd0.98O) and Li:Ce co-doped (Ce-x Li0.02Cd0.98-xO (x = 0.005, 0.01 and 0.02)) CdO nanofilms were prepared by a successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) process. The effects of the Li and Li:Ce doping on the main physical properties such as crystal structure, surface morphological characteristics and optical features like bandgap and transmittance of obtained these films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer respectively. X-ray diffractogram analysis verified that the synthesized CdO films pertain to the cubic structure. XRD analysis indicated the growth of CdO with polycrystalline form for preferential orientation along the (111) and (200) plane. It is obviously seen from the SEM micrographs that Li doping and Li:Ce co-doping induce remarkable changes in the CdO surface morphology. The UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis results show that the (2.0% Li + 1.0% Ce) Li:Ce co-doped CdO films exhibits maximum transmittance (27%) in the range between 300 and 1100 nm and high optical bandgap energy (E-g = 2.92 eV).
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    SILAR derived CdO films: Effect of triethanolamine on the surface morphology and optical bandgap energy
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2018) Sahin, B.; Aydin, R.
    Nanostructured CdO films have been successfully synthesized with different ratios of surfactant triethanolamine (TEA) under SILAR condition. The influence of addition of TEA on the physical properties of CdO nanoparticles was studied. The surface morphology of the films was studied by metallurgical microscope and SEM analysis. Surface topography of the film was studied by AFM. The structural properties of the samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD studies confirm that the deposited CdO films has cubic structure (111) preferred orientation with well-crystallinity and purity. The optical bandgap energy was estimated based on the UV-vis spectroscopies which were obtained in the range of 2.16 eV-2.46 eV. Our study is encouraging to get enhanced surface topography by surfactant TEA.
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    Transition metal Mn/Cu co-doped CdO transparent conductive films: Effect on structural, morphological and optical characteristics
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA, 2019) Aydin, R.; Cavusoglu, H.; Sahin, B.
    The transparent conducting un-doped, Cd-0.99 Mna(0.01)O (Mn: 1.0%) and Mn/Cu co-doped CdO [(CuxMn0.01Cd0.99-x) (x: 0.005, 0.01 and 0.02 respectively)] films were prepared by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique on soda lime glass substrates. The effect of Mn and Cu-dopant on structural, morphological and optical characteristics of the CdO films was analyzed by XRD, SEM, UV-Visible spectrophotometer and FT-IR spectroscopy. The XRD studies showed that the all-SILAR prepared films were polycrystalline and had preferential growth along the (111) directions. SEM analysis revealed that the Mn doping and Mn/Cu co-doping significantly influenced the surface morphologies of the CdO films. The EDX results confirmed that the dopant ions were incorporated properly into the CdO lattices. The optical band gap energy values of the all deposited films were determined by extrapolation method and observed to be in the range of 2.08-2.38 eV. Optical analysis results disclosed that doping alters the band gap facilitating the potential of transparent conductive films to be exploited in optoelectronic devices. Furthermore, FT-IR was used to confirm the existence of metal-doped CdO. The investigations showed that co-doping significantly affects the physical properties of SILAR-grown CdO films. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.