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Öğe Biofuels energy sources and future of biofuels energy in Turkey(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2012) Acaroğlu, Mustafa; Aydoğan, HasanToday, in Turkey, the most commonly used renewable resources are classical biomass energy and hydraulic energy. Although geothermal energy ranks third, its usage is limited. The usage of solar energy is at a symbolic level, that of wind energy is in its initial stages and the idea of tidal energy is out of concern. In spite of the important potential of modem biomass energy, agriculture of energy plants is not widely recognized, and the establishment of energy forests is realized in a limited fashion. This study is based on two essential considerations about biofuels: agricultural potential of Turkey for biofuels production and governmental policies about environmental friendly alternative fuels in Turkey. A policy to increase biodiesel production in Turkey by importing biofuels or shifting to oilseedbiomass production from another plant does not seem reliable or practical. As far as environmental pollution is concerned, the utilization of all fuels produces air pollutants, causing local, trans-boundary air pollution, and acid rain problems. Biofuel is a clean renewable fuel due to its properties, which is similar to diesel but generated from renewable resources such as vegetable oils, animal fats and energy crops. Although researchers developed the technology of biofuel some two to three decades ago, its use is not widespread, mainly due to the higher production cost involved. Due to the increasing concern on environmental protection, the number of research studies conducted on the usage of this fuel has increased especially in recent years. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Biyoetanol-dizel yakıtı karışımlarının (e-dizel) motor performans ve emisyonlarına etkisinin araştırılması(Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2010-01-17) Aydoğan, Hasan; Acaroğlu, MustafaBu çalışmada dört zamanlı, üç silindirli, su soğutmalı, turbo doldurmalı, pompalı enjektör tipi yakıt sistemine sahip bir diesel motorda biyoetanol ve dizel yakıtı karışımlarının motor performans ve emisyonlarına etkileri araştırılmıştır. Deneylerde düşük kükürtlü, Eurodiesel yakıtı, E1 (%1 biyoetanol - %99 euro diesel), E2, E3, E4, E5, E10 ve E15 yakıtları kullanılmıştır. Bu deneyler bitirildikten sonra aynı biyoetanol-diesel yakıtı karışımları Beraid ED10 katkılı olarak hazırlanmıştır. Motor performans ve emisyon değerlerindeki değişimler incelenmiştir. Deneyler sonucunda en yüksek motor momenti E10 yakıt karışımı kullanımında, 126,33 Nm olarak ölçülmüştür. Motor güçleri bakımından en yüksek değer E4 yakıt karışımı kullanımında 29 kW olmuştur. En düşük özgül yakıt tüketimi (be) E0 yakıtı kullanımında 178 gr/kWh olarak ölçülmüştür. En yüksek be değeri ise, 215 gr/kWh ile BE15 yakıtı kullanımında ölçülmüştür. Biyoetanol-diesel yakıtı karışımları kullanımında %CO değeri E0 yakıtında %0,07 iken, en yüksek değer BE1 yakıtında % 1,6 olarak ölçülmüştür. Biyoetanol ve diesel yakıtı karışımlarının kullanılmasıyla en yüksek CO2 değeri BE5 yakıtında, %12 olarak ölçülmüştür. En yüksek NOx değeri ise E15 yakıtı kullanımında 697 ppm olarak ölçülmüştür. Bu değer E0 yakıtından % 75 daha yüksektir. Biyoetanol-diesel yakıtı karışımları kullanımında değişik motor devirlerine göre HC değerlerinin değişimi incelendiğinde en yüksek HC değerinin BE2 yakıtında 3000 d/d'da 598 ppm olarak ölçüldüğü görülmektedir. Aynı devirde E0 yakıtının HC değeri ise 102 ppm olmuştur. Bu çalışma sonunda biyoetanol-diesel yakıtı karışımlarında uygun katkı maddesi kullanıldığı takdirde, E15 oranına kadar diesel motor üzerinde bir değişiklik yapılmadan kullanılabileceği görülmüştür.Öğe Determining the performance, emission and combustion properties of camelina biodiesel blends(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2015) Özçelik, Abdullah Engin; Aydoğan, Hasan; Acaroğlu, MustafaIn the present study, the effects of two different camelina biodiesel fuels obtained through transesterification on engine power and torque performance and emissions and fuel combustion characteristics of these fuels compared to diesel fuel were determined particularly focusing on new blend ratios of B7 and B100, which the European Union has been specifically studying on. Heat release rate calculations, which are an important parameter for the engine characterizing the combustion process that occurs depending on cylinder pressure and crank angle, and mass fraction burned (MFB) in each individual engine cycle, which describes the process of chemical energy release as a function of crank angle, were determined in the study. Maximum HRR (Heat Release Rate) at 2500 rpm and 4000 rpm was found as 35 J/Crank Angle Degree. MFB values at 2500 rpm and in blends were found as 100% after 30 degrees (ATDC), at 4000 rpm as 100% after 34 degrees (ATDC). Temperature variation depending on crank angle and blends was found to be a maximum of 1900 K after 18 degrees (ATDC). (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe The effect of peanut oil methyl ester on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine with a pump injection fuel system(SILA SCIENCE, 2011) Aydoğan, Hasan; Özçelik, Abdullah Engin; Acaroğlu, MustafaIn the present study, biodiesel fuel was produced from peanut oil through transesterification. The biodiesel obtained was used for preparing 2% biodiesel - 98% eurodiesel (B2), 5% biodiesel - 95% eurodiesel (B5), 7% biodiesel - 93% eurodiesel (B7), 100% eurodiesel (E0) and 100% biodiesel (B100) fuel blends. These fuels were used in a four-cycle, three-cylinder diesel engine with a pump injection fuel system and the changes in the engine performance and exhaust emissions were examined. The results of the experiments showed that engine torque decreased at a rate of 4%, engine power decreased at a rate of 2% and increases were observed in specific fuel consumption with the use of biodiesel. CO and CO2 values decreased 40 % and increases were observed in HC, O-2 and NOx values. The results of the present study showed that biodiesel fuel produced from peanut oil can be used in diesel engines without performing any modifications on the engine.Öğe EFFECTS OF BIOETHANOL-DIESEL FUEL BLENDS ON EMISSIONS OF A DIESEL ENGINE(AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, 2011) Aydoğan, Hasan; Acaroğlu, MustafaThe increasing industrialization and motorization of the world has led to a steep rise for the demand of petroleum-based fuels. Petroleum-based fuels are obtained from limited reserves. These finite reserves are highly concentrated in certain regions of the world. Therefore, those countries not having these resources are facing energy/foreign exchange crisis, mainly due to the import of crude petroleum. Hence, it is necessary to look for alternative fuels which can be produced from resources available locally within the country such as alcohol, biodiesel, vegetable oils etc. Bioethanol is also an attractive alternative fuel because it is a renewable bio-based resource and it is oxygenated, thereby providing the potential to reduce particulate emissions in compression-ignition engines. In the present study, the effect of bioethanol-eurodiesel blends on engine performance was investigated on a diesel engine. Eurodiesel fuel was tested alone and in blends containing 2 and 5 % bioethanol by volume and the test results were compared among each other. As a result of the experiments carried out, it was observed that the use of bioethanol resulted in a decrease in engine power and engine moment was observed..Öğe The effects of bioethanol-diesel fuel blends on the performance and emissions of a turbocharged pump injection diesel engine(SILA SCIENCE, 2011) Aydoğan, Hasan; Acaroğlu, MustafaIn the present study, the effects of bioethanol-diesel fuel blends on engine performance and emissions were investigated on a four-stroke, three-cylinder, water-cooled, turbocharged diesel engine with a pump injection fuel system. Low-sulfur Eurodiesel fuel, E5 (5% bioethanol-95% euro diesel), E 10 and E15 fuels were used in the experiments. The changes that occurred in engine performance and emissions with the use of these fuels were examined. The results of the experiments showed that the highest engine torque was measured as 126.33 Nm with the use of E10 fuel blend. The highest engine power was obtained as 29 kW with the use of E5 fuel blend. The lowest specific fuel consumption (SFC) was measured as 178 g/kWh with the use of E0 fuel, while the highest SFC value was obtained as 215 g/kWh with the use of EIS fuel. The percent CO values showed an increase of 100%, NO(x) values increased 50% and HC values increased 200% with the use of bioethanol diesel fuel blends. As the result of this study, it was found out that bioethanol diesel fuel blends can be used up to the rate of E15 without performing any changes in the diesel engine.Öğe The Effects of Camelina Ethyl Ester on the Performance of Diesel Engineand Combustion Characteristics(2017) Akay, Hasan; Aydoğan, HasanDue to the shortage of the conventional fossil fuels and air pollution from combustion, new, sustainable and cleaner fuel resources are urgently required. Biodiesel has been introduced as a potential and alternative fuel for years. Biodiesel can be produced from different sources such as vegetable oils, animal fat, waste oil, etc.This study is intended to determine the effects of camelina ethyl ester, which is obtained from raw camelina oil by using ethanol, on engine performance mixing it with diesel fuel proportionately. Diesel, 80% diesel and 20% camelina ethyl ester by volumetrically and 100% camelina ethyl ester fuels were used as fuel. In the experiments, a four-cylinder, 1900cc, with turbocharged supplier diesel engine with Common - Rail fuel injection system was used. The experiments were repeated 3 times and the averages of the results were taken. When the results were investigated, it was seen that maximum torque, maximum power and specific fuel consumption values were measured in diesel fuel. Power and torque values of B20 and B100 fuels were a little lower than in diesel fuel and their specific fuel consumption was higher than the others.Öğe An Experimental Study on the Effects of Bioethanol - Gasoline Blends on Engine Performance in a Spark Ignition Engine(IEEE, 2017) Aydoğan, Hasan; Özçelik, Abdullah Engin; Acaroğlu, MustafaBioethanol is a renewable fuel that can be produced through different methods of agricultural fermentation. In the present study, the effects of bioethanol-unleaded gasoline blends on engine performance were investigated in a spark ignition engine. Unleaded gasoline and unleaded gasoline-bioethanol blends containing 50% and 100% by volume bioethanol respectively were tested in the engine and the test results were compared. The results of the study showed that the use of unleaded gasoline as fuel yielded better engine performance. However, regarding engine torque and power, the use of bioethanol-unleaded gasoline blends caused decreases at rates of up to 15% in the amount of torque and power. Specific fuel consumption is increased.Öğe Malzeme bilimi öğretiminde çoklu ortam uygulamaları(Selçuk Üniversitesi Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu, 2005) Aydoğan, Hasan; Kuş, Recai; Özsoy, AbdullahÇoklu ortam eğitim-öğretimden pazarlamaya kadar birçok alanda kullanılmaktadır. Çoklu ortam uygulamaları Malzeme Bilimi dersinin okutulmasında da çok büyük yararlar sağlayabilir. Bir metini bilgisayarda yazıp, projeksiyonla yansıtmak çoklu ortam kullanmak demek değildir. Çoklu ortamın kullanımında dikkat edilmesi gereken birçok özellik vardır. Bu özelliklere dikkat edildiği ölçüde, elde edilecek fayda daha da yüksek olacaktır. Malzeme Bilimi dersi temel bilim derslerinden birisi olup, teknik eleman yetiştirilmesinde son derece önemlidir. Çoklu ortam özellikleri kullanılarak sanal bir laboratuar oluşturulabilir. Bu çalışmada, çoklu ortam özellikleri ve öğretimdeki yeri incelenmiş; Malzeme Bilimi dersindeki uygulamalarından örnekler verilmiştir.Öğe Performance analysis of a turbocharged diesel engine using biodiesel with back propagation artificial neural network(SILA SCIENCE, 2011) Aydoğan, Hasan; Altun, Adem Alpaslan; Özçelik, Abdullah EnginThis paper determines, using artificial neural network (ANN), performance of a turbocharged diesel engine using biodiesel produced from cotton and rapeseed oils through transesterification. To acquire data for training and testing of the proposed ANN, a three-cylinder, four-stroke test engine was fuelled with biodiesel-eurodiesel blended fuels with various percentages of biodiesel (B2, B5%), and operated at different engine speeds and loads. Backpropagation algorithms for the engine was developed using some of the experimental data for training. The performance of the ANN was validated by comparing the prediction dataset with the experimental results.It was observed that the ANN model can predict the engine performance quite well with correlation coefficient (R) 0.99, 0.98, 0.92 and 0.98 for the engine power, the engine torque, the specific fuel consumption (SFC) and exhaust gas temperature, respectively. The prediction MSE (Mean Square Error) error was between the desired outputs as measured values and the simulated values were obtained as 0.0004 by the model.Öğe A Study on Generating Electricity by Using Exhaust Waste Heat in a Diesel Engine(TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2014) Aydoğan, Hasan; Özçelik, Abdullah Engin; Acaroğlu, Mustafa; Işık, HakanInternal combustion engines are widely used in our day. Internal combustion engines first transform fuel energy into heat energy. Afterwards, approximately 30% of this heat energy is transformed into mechanical energy. Approximately 5% of the heat energy is expelled through friction and radiation, 30% through cooling and 35% through the exhaust system. In the present study, electricity was generated by using thermoelectric equipment and the waste heat expelled from the exhaust system. It was observed that as the exhaust temperature increased, the amount of electricity generated also increased.