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    Can Previously Bleached Teeth Be Bonded Safely?
    (Mosby-Elsevier , 2003) Uysal, Tancan; Başçiftci, Faruk Ayhan; Üşümez, Serdar; Sarı, Zafer; Büyükerkmen, Ahmet
    The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of a 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent on the shear bond strength of metallic orthodontic brackets. Sixty premolars were randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 each. Teeth in group A were etched with 37% phosphoric acid before bonding metallic premolar brackets. Teeth in the other 2 groups were bleached with a 35% hydrogen peroxide in-off ice bleaching agent according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Twenty bleached teeth (group B) were bonded immediately, and the other 20 (group C) were stored in artificial saliva for 30 days before bonding. Shear bond strength of these brackets was measured on a universal testing machine and recorded in MPa. Adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were determined after the brackets failed. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square tests. The shear bond strength values of groups A, B, and C were 12.9 +/- 3.4, 12.0 +/- 4.6, and 14.8 +/- 4.0 MPa, respectively. Results of ANOVA showed no statistically significant differences in shear bond strengths between groups (P > .05). ARI scores were significantly different in all groups. The unbleached group's failures were primarily at the bracket/adhesive interface, whereas the bleached groups either showed cohesive failures within the adhesive or failed at the adhesive/enamel interface. The results of this study suggest that office bleaching with hydrogen peroxide does not adversely affect the bond strengths of brackets bonded immediately after bleaching or 30 days after bleaching, even though bleaching can result in differences in the failure site.
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    Determination of Holdaway Soft Tissue Norms in Anatolian Turkish Adults
    (MOSBY-ELSEVIER, 2003) Başçiftçi, Faruk Ayhan; Uysal, Tancan; Büyükerkmen, Ahmet
    The purpose of this study was to determine Holdaway soft tissue standards for Anatolian Turkish adults. The material included the lateral cephalometric radiographs of 175 patients, 90 men and 85 women, selected from the dental students at Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey. After analyzing these radiographs, 105 subjects (55 men, mean age 22.61, and 50 women, mean age, 22.14) with normal anteroposterior and vertical skeletal relationships were selected for the study. Ten linear and 2 angular measurements were analyzed on each radiograph. The landmarks were located according to the definitions of Holdaway. For each variable, the arithmetic mean and standard deviation were calculated. For statistical evaluation, an independent-samples t test was performed. Except for the measurements of soft tissue chin thickness and basic upper lip thickness, all soft tissue measurements were similar to Holdaway norms. For nose prominence, inferior sulcus to H line, upper lip strain, soft tissue chin thickness, and basic upper lip thickness measurements, statistically significant sex differences were determined. We believe it is appropriate to use these Anatolian Turkish soft tissue norms in daily orthodontic practice.