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    Effects of Dietary Energy and Protein on Performance, Reproduction Traits and Nitrogen-Excretion of Breeder Chukar Partridges (Alectoris Chukar)
    (Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2010) Cufadar, Yusuf; Olgun, O.; Bahtiyarca, Y.; Yıldız, A. Ö.
    This study was carried out to compare the effects of 2 dietary metabolizable energy (2600 and 2900 kcal/kg) and of 2 dietary crude protein contents (13% and 17%) on performance in breeder chukar partridges. A total of 144 breeder chukar partridges (48 males, 96 females), 36 to 52 weeks old, were used in the study conducted as a 2x2 factorial with a completely randomized design. Whereas food intake was significantly depressed in birds receiving a high energy diet, the dietary energy and crude protein contents exhibited no significant effect on growth performance (body weight and body weight gains). Food efficiency, egg weight, egg production, egg mass, fertility and hatchability were not significantly affected by the diet characteristics although a high crude protein content tended to enhance egg production and egg mass and that fertility seemed to be improved with a high matabolizable energy or a high protein level whereas hatchability tended to be inversely affected. A high protein or low energy diets tended to improve the food efficiency for performance. Finally, the nitrogen excretion was significantly additively affected by the dietary energy and protein contents, partridges fed with 2900 kcal/kg and 17% CP in the diet exhibiting a higher nitrogen excretion than the other groups. These results suggest that a diet containing 13% CP and 2600 kcal/kg as metabolizable energy may be supplied to partridges without modification of performance and with reduction of nitrogen excretion.
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    Effects of Dietary Protein and Energy Concentrations on Performance and Carcase Characteristics of Chukar Partridge (Alectoris Chukar) Raised in Captivity
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd , 2003) Özek, K.; Yazgan, O.; Bahtiyarca, Y.
    1. This study was conducted to determine the effects of starter and grower diets with differing crude protein (CP) and metabolisable energy (ME) concentrations on the body weight (BW), live weight gain (LWG), feed consumption (FC), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and carcase, breast + back, rump, wing, neck and abdominal fat weights of chukar partridge raised in captivity. 2. Chukar partridges were fed on starter diets containing 4 concentrations of CP (160, 200, 240, 280 g/kg) and 4 concentrations of ME (10.9, 11.7, 12.6, 13.4 MJ/kg) from hatch to 8 weeks of age; they were fed on grower diets containing 4 concentrations of CP (150, 175, 200, 225 g/kg) and 4 concentrations of ME (11.9, 12.6, 13.2, 13.8 MJ/kg) from 9 to 16 weeks of age. All diets contained at least 5.5 g/kg methionine, 15 g/kg lysine and 10 g/kg methionine + cystine. Sixteen starter and 16 grower diets were arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial design with 4 levels of CP and 4 levels of ME. Each treatment was replicated three times with each replicate consisting of 5 males and 5 females. 3. Partridges fed on a starter diet containing 160 g CP/kg were significantly lighter at 8 weeks of age than those in groups given diets containing a higher CP. However, at 16 weeks of age, the differences in BW among treatments had disappeared. Throughout, there were no significant effects of ME concentration on BW and LWG. 4. The daily mean FC for the 0 to 8 week and 0 to 16 week periods was not affected by dietary CP concentration. For the 9 to 16 week period, the partridges fed on a grower diet containing 225 g CP/kg consumed more feed than those given a diet containing 175 g CP/kg. 5. The highest FCR for the 0 to 8 week period was in partridges fed on a starter diet containing 160 g CP/kg. For the 9 to 16 week period, the lowest FCR was in partridges fed on a grower diet containing 150 g CP/kg. For the 0 to 16 week period, there was not a significant effect of dietary CP concentration on FCR. The daily mean FC and the FCR for the 0 to 8, 9 to 16 and 0 to 16 week periods decreased when the ME concentration of the starter and grower diets increased. 6. The carcase, rump and breast + back weights of the male partridges increased when the ME content of the diets increased. Weights of all carcase components of the male partridges were significantly greater than those of the carcase components of the females. 7. There were no significant interactions between CP and ME concentrations on BW, LWG, FC, FCR and carcase characteristics. 8. We conclude that the starter diet for chukar partridges raised for meat production should contain at least 200 g CP/kg, 11.7 MJ ME/kg, and the grower diet should contain 150 g CP/kg, 12.6 MJ ME/kg.