Yazar "Bakis, R" seçeneğine göre listele

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    Energy from renewable sources inTurkey: Status and future direction
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2004) Demirbas, A; Bakis, R
    Turkey is an energy importing country. Turkey's indigenous energy sources are limited and the country is heavily dependent on the import of primary energy from abroad. More than half of the energy requirement has been supplied by imports. Non-fossil energy sources have a high share of energy supply in Turkey. The renewable energy resources that hold the most promise are the following: wind, solar in its various forms, biomass, geothermal, and small hydro, of which Turkey has abundant reserves. Hydroelectric power already accounts for about 40% of electricity demand, and there is much additional potential for growth. As of November 2000, there were 120 hydroelectric power plants in operation, with 34 more under construction. Turkey is encouraging the construction of wind power plants and the country has a goal of deriving 2% of its electricity from wind power. Turkey has extended its involvement in geothermal energy projects and solar energy could also provide significant amount of power for Turkey.
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    Sustainable development of small hydropower plants (SHPs)
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2004) Bakis, R; Demirbas, A
    The aim of this article is to investigate the small hydropower plants (SHPs) in Turkey. Total hydropower potential of Turkey is annually 433,000 GWh. Almost 50% of the total potential is technically exploitable and 29% (122,322 GWh/year) is economically exploitable. The country is planning to make use of the exploitable hydropower potentials (HPPs) of 122,322 GWh/year by 2023. Since the 1960s, more than 700 dams in various sizes have been constructed and 519 dams have already been in operation by 2002. Of these 519 dams, 202 facilities have been constructed as large dams and 317 as small dams. There are now a total of 134 hydroelectric power plants (HEPPs), total installed hydropower capacity of Turkey has reached 12,177 MW, and production has reached 44,034 GWh/year in 2002. About 38% of the total electricity is produced by HEPPs, approximately 98.5% of total hydropower potential is exploited from dams and HEPPs, whose installed capacity is more than 10 MW, and the rest (1.5%) is from run off river and channel HPPs. At the end of 2002, of these 317 small dams, 70 SHPs projects (installed capacity less than 10 MW) have put in operation and 203 SHP projects (installed capacity less than 10 MW) have been developed at various stages in Turkey.
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    Turkey's non-fossil energy sources and positive expectations in the next decades
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2005) Demirbas, A; Bakis, R
    According to some projections, Turkey's primary energy demand is expected to increase four times its 1998 value in the next 20 years. Turkish gas demand is expected to increase more than five folds in 2010 and eight times in 2020. Supplies of fossil and nuclear sources are generally acknowledged to be finite; non-fossil energy sources, such as nuclear, hydropower, biomass, solar and wind, are generally considered renewable and therefore sustainable over the relative long term. Turkey plans to increase hydropower production in the near future. The sharp growth of the energy sector has been accompanied by institutional reforms. One of the most important developments has been liberalization of all energy sectors, including electricity production and distribution, to private capital both national and foreign. Turkey possesses a relatively high abundance of hydropower, geothermal energy, biomass, moderate wind speeds and solar radiation, and nuclear energy resources. Renewable environmentally friendly energy must be encouraged, promoted, implemented and demonstrated for use in Turkey.