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Öğe Effect of Dietary Probiotic on Performance and Humoral Immune Response(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2001) Balevi, T.; Uçan, U. S.; Coşkun, B.; Kurtoğlu, V.; Çetingül, I. S.1. The effects of dietary supplementation of a commercial probiotic ( Protexin(TM)) on daily feed consumption, egg yield, egg weight, food conversion ratio and humoral immune response in layer hens were investigated. In 7 replicates, a total of 280 40-week-old layers were given diets containing either 0, 250, 500 or 750 parts per million (ppm) for 90 d. 2. When compared with the controls, the food consumption, food conversion ratio and the proportions of damaged eggs were lower in the group consuming 500 ppm probiotic ( P< 0.05). 3. There was no significant difference between the controls and the groups receiving 250 and 750 ppm probiotic in food consumption, food conversion ratio and proportion of damaged eggs. Similarly, the egg yield, egg weight, specific gravity, and peripheral immune response showed no statistically significant differences between the groups.Öğe Effects of adding yeast cell walls and Yucca schidigera extract to diets of layer chicks(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2011) Gurbuz, E.; Balevi, T.; Kurtoglu, V.; Oznurlu, Y.1. This research was conducted to determine the impact of diet supplementation with yeast cell walls and Yucca schidigera extract on the growth performance, antibody titres, and intestinal tissue histology of layer chicks. 2. White, 1-d-old, Hy-Line hybrid chicks (n = 840) were divided into 4 main groups, each comprising 7 replicates of 30 chicks (n = 210): (1) control; (2) 1000 mg/kg yeast cell walls (YCW) added; (3) 1000 mg/kg Yucca schidigera extract (YE) added; and (4) 500 mg/kg YE + 500 mg/kg YCW added. The trial lasted 60 d. 3. Daily weight gain of the chicks was positively affected between d 45-60 in the YE and YCW + YE groups compared with the control group. 4. Overall, feed consumption did not differ between the control and YCW, YE, YCW + YE groups during the 60 d study period. Feed efficiency was better in the YE and YCW + YE groups than in the control group between d 1-60. 5. During the 60 d evaluation period, live weight gain, and final live weight were higher in YE and YCW + YE groups than in the control group. 6. Antibody titres against infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease did not differ among the 4 treatments, but those for Newcastle disease were higher in the YE + YCW groups than in the control, YCW and YE groups on d 45. 7. There were differences in intestinal histomorphometry between the 4 treatments. The height of the jejunal and ileal villi was greater in the YE and YCW + YE groups than in the control and YCW groups 8. It can be concluded that YCW and YE supplementation for layer chicks is beneficial for growth performance and intestinal histology during the 1-60 d growing period.Öğe Effects of Echinacea Extract on the Performance, Antibody Titres, and Intestinal Histology of Layer Chicks(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2010) Gürbüz, E.; Balevi, T.; Kurtoğlu, V.; Coşkun, B.; Öznurlu, Y.; Kan, Y.; Kartal, M.1. This research was conducted to determine the effect of diet supplementation with Echinacea extract (cichoric acid) on the growth performance, antibody titres and intestinal tissue histology of layer chicks. 2. White, 1-d-old, Hy-Line hybrid chicks (n = 540) were divided into three treatments, each consisting of 6 groups of 30 chicks (n = 180): (1) control; (2) 2 center dot 5 mg/kg cichoric-acid-fed; and (3) 5 mg/kg cichoric-acid-fed. The trial lasted 60 d. 3. While the growth performance of the chicks was depressed between d 1 and 45, it was found to improve between d 45 and 60. 4. Feed consumption was lower in both of the cichoric-acid-fed groups than in the control group between d 1-15 and 15-30, but was higher between d 30 and 45. Overall, mean feed consumption did not differ between the control and cichoric-acid-fed groups during the 60 d study period. 5. During the 60 d evaluation period, live weight gain, feed utilisation rate and final live weight were higher in the control group than in both of the cichoric-acid-fed groups. 6. Antibody titres against infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease did not differ between the three groups, but those for Newcastle disease were higher in the 2 center dot 5 mg/kg cichoric-acid-fed group than in the control group after 45 d. 7. Height and width of the jejunal villus and the thickness of the muscle layer were lower in the 5 mg/kg cichoric-acid-fed group than in both the control and the 2 center dot 5 mg/kg cichoric-acid-fed groups. The height of the ileal villus was also lower in the 5 mg/kg cichoric-acid-fed group than in the other two groups. 8. Echinacea extract supplementation for layer chicks appears not to benefit growth performance and intestinal histology during the growing period.Öğe The effects of roughage type on the daily patterns of feed intake and eating behaviour in young sheep(ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2013) Polat, E. S.; Coskun, B.; Gurbuz, E.; Balevi, T.The effects of roughage type on the daily patterns of feed intake and eating behaviour were investigated in young sheep, individually housed. A total of 24 young sheep were allotted in 4 equal groups according to the roughage type (barley straw, corn silage, alfalfa hay and sugar beet pulp) distributed ad libitum 6 times a day in 4 hours meal intervals. Roughage intake and eating behaviour were analysed using a camera recording system for 24 hours for 7 days. The intake of barley straw (characterized by the highest crude fiber and NDF contents) was significantly depressed compared to the other roughages leading to a significantly decreased body weight and sheep spent significantly less time and low frequently eating and they have presented significantly longer resting periods than others. Sheep have eaten significantly more alfalfa hay (crude fiber: 30.1% and NDF: 50.0%) than the other roughages, have spent frequently and long time eating and have rested frequently. In the group fed with sugar beet pulp (crude fiber: 17.5% and NDF: 46.0%), animals have preferred shorter but more frequent meals than with corn silage (crude fiber: 25.2% and NDF: 64.0%) and alfalfa hay including after midnight whereas sheep from the other groups were sleeping. These results show that the NDF and moisture contents of the roughage directly affected the ingestibility leading to some changes in the eating behaviour, particularly in the frequency and quantity of meals and in the duration of resting periods.Öğe Effects of Some Dietary Oils on Performance and Fatty Acid Composition of Eggs in Layers(Ecole National Vet Toulouse, 2000) Balevi, T.; Coşkun, B.This study was carried out to examine the fatty acid compositions of the oils (cotton, corn, flax, soybean, olive, sunflower, fish, tallow and rendering oils). Thus, the effects on the productivity of layer and reflection in their product was also investigated. In this trial, the effects of 2.5 % nine different kind of oils on the performance of layer and fatty acid in the yolk of the each ration was determined. For the study, 24 hens were used in each group. The study for 56 days carried out and totally 216 hens were used. Feed intake, egg productivity, egg weight, feed conversion, the ratio of damaged eggs and the fatty acid compositions in the egg yolk were determined. Daily feed intake were found nonsignificant between each group (P > 0.05). Thus, there were no differences between the groups on egg yield and egg weight (P > 0.05). The smallest value for feed conversion was observed at the group fed the ration contained tallow (2.03 kg), while the greatest value was obtained from the group fed ration contained sunflower oil (2.31 kg). No effect of rations on the specific weight which is one of the important criterions on determining the shell quality was observed. Fat content of the egg yolk and fatty acid composition were also determined. As a result of consuming tallow and rendering oil- rich rations, the level of saturated fatty acids were increased in the egg yolk it is shown that feeding the omega-3 fatty acid-rich flax oil and omega-6 fatty acid-rich soybean oil is in higher omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids values in egg yolks, comparate the others.Öğe Effects of Some Oils Used in Broiler Rations on Performance and Fatty Acid Compositions in Abdominal Fat(Ecole National Vet Toulouse, 2000) Balevi, T.; Coşkun, B.This study was carried out to examine how the fatty acid compositions of oils (sunflower, cotton, corn, flaxseed, soybean, olive, fish, tallow and rendering oils) were reflected in the products and their effects on the growing performance of broilers. Trial was carried out to determine the effects of the same fat sources on the performance of the broilers and fatty acid compositions of abdominal fat with totally 414 broiler chicks. Feed consumption, body weight, feed conversion, abdominal fat/carcass yield and fatty acid levels of abdominal fat were determined. At the end of trial, the lowest moderate body weight were found to be 1957.10; 1901.20; 2197.20; 2072.76; 2080.30; 1943.20; 1887.30; 2074.00; 2099.20 g, respectively. The lowest daily body weight increase was also observed at the group fed the fish oil (37.53 g) and the greatest daily body weight increased at the group fed the corn oil (43.85 g). The lowest feed conversion ratio 1.95 kg was observed at the group which consumed the ration containing corn oil. In samples of abdominal fats taken from broilers which consumed omega-3-rich fats, omega-3 fatty acids, showing omega-3/omage-6 fatty acids ratio significantly increased. The fat content and fatty acid composition of abdominal fat were determined. The level of fatty acid from the group consumed flax oil that was rich in omega-3 was observed the highest (15.62 %), while the lowest level (2.02 %) was found in the group administered with rendering oil. Of all groups, the highest level (52.33 %) of saturated fatty acid was obtained from the group Fed ration contained tallow Consequently, the compositions of fatty acids from these sort of animal products presented for human consumption was seen to highly alter depending on nutrition. Especially, following consumption flax and oil, the ratio I, omega-3 appeared to increase. The person who consume those might be peculated to be in low risk of being disordered by heart-vessel diseases.
