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Öğe Experimental study of strengthening of RC frames with column retrofitting(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2014) Unal, Alptug; Balik, Fatih Suleyman; Bahadir, Fatih; Korkmaz, Hasan Husnu; Kaltakci, Mevlut Yasar; Kamanli, MehmetRecently, researches related with strengthening have been increased. In most of these studies, strengthening of reinforced concrete frames with inadequate earthquake resistance was searched. However, it is known that there are buildings with inadequate earthquake resistance as well as buildings with both inadequate earthquake resistance and inadequate axial load bearing capacity. A 1/3 geometric scaled reinforced concrete frame with inadequate earthquake resistance and inadequate axial load strength modeled as a sample building was strengthened with column retrofitting and tested under vertical and lateral loads. In this study, two 1/3 geometric scaled specimens were tested under the effect of reversible repeatable lateral loads simulating earthquake. One of these samples is a bare reinforced concrete frame representing buildings with inadequate earthquake resistance and axial load strength as well as including building defects without any strengthening which are frequently encountered in our country. The second experiment element was constructed in order to represent the buildings which necessitate strengthening due to earthquake loads and axial loads. In this specimen, the columns were strengthened by retrofitting from three sides. The hysteresis curves, envelope curves, rigidity, ductility and consumed energy graphs of these tested elements are given and the differences between them were investigated and interpreted. In the final section, the experimental results obtained were evaluated, interpreted and suggestions were made.Öğe An Experimental Study on Reinforced Concrete Infilled Frames with Openings(TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2013) Balik, Fatih Suleyman; Korkmaz, Hasan Husnu; Kamanli, Mehmet; Bahadir, Fatih; Korkmaz, Serra Zerrin; Unal, AlptugIn the last decade, seven major earthquakes caused significant casualties and extensive structural failures. Thousands of RC buildings were severely damaged or collapsed in Turkey due to various deficiencies. This has initiated experimental studies on strengthening methods and intensive researches regarding the rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures by introducing reinforced concrete infill walls were carried out. Strengthening of reinforced concrete frames by cast-in-place reinforced concrete infills is commonly used in practice. Many structures were also repaired using this technique after the recent earthquakes. In this experimental research, six, one-bay/two-story, 1/3-scaled non-ductile, undamaged reinforced concrete (RC) frames were constructed and tested to investigate the behavior of frames strengthened by introducing infills with or without openings. The test specimens were subjected to reversed cyclic quasi-static lateral loading. The specimens were constructed with the most commonly observed deficiencies in residential RC buildings in Turkey. The first specimen was the reference bare specimen and contained no strengthening. The other specimens were infilled with RC panels with openings having different ratios and configurations. Strength, stiffness and storey drifts of the test specimens were measured and compared. Test results indicated that infilled RC frames displayed significantly higher lateral strength and stiffness than the non-ductile bare frame considerably.Öğe Strengthening of Gravity Load Designed Reinforced Concrete Frames With the External RC Shear Walls(TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2013) Bahadir, Fatih; Kamanli, Mehmet; Korkmaz, Hasan Husnu; Balik, Fatih Suleyman; Unal, Alptug; Korkmaz, Serra ZerrinTurkey is situated on a very earthquake zone of the world namely Alp-Himalayan Earthquake Zone. Several destructive earthquakes resulted in high dead losses in the last century. Turkish building stock consisted of nonductile RC framed structures commonly 3 to 7 stories. The common properties of the existing structures is the poor lateral resistance. The residental buildings with poor earthquake resistance must be rehabilitated with a rapid, economical, feasible and effective strengthening methods. The external shear wall addition to the existing poor frame is studied experimentally in this study. 6 specimens were tested under reversed cyclic lateral loading simulating the seismic action. The first specimen was the reference specimen and didn't contain any strengthening and tested to see reference behaviour. The other specimens were strengthened with external shear walls with or without openings. The size of the openings is a parameter in the study. Secons specimen didn't contain any opening. Columns of the frames also jacketed with reinforced concrete. The maximum lateral load carrying capacity, ductility capacities, energy consuption capacities, improvement in the lateral rigidities were investigated.Öğe Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Frames Not Designed According to TDY2007 With External Shear Walls(TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2013) Unal, Alptug; Kaltakci, Mevlut Yasar; Balik, Fatih Suleyman; Korkmaz, Hasan Husnu; Bahadir, Fatih; Korkmaz, Serra Zerrin; Kamanli, MehmetRecently repair and strengthening of existing buildings become a popular research topic. The strengthening of buildings necessitates the evacuation of the structure. On the other hand, school, hospital type structures must continue their function. In this study exterior shear wall addition to the existing exterior frames is proposed. Since the application is applied to the exterior of the building, the structure can continue its function during the application. In this study, 1/3 scaled 4 specimens were tested under reversed cyclic loading simulating the seismic action. First reference specimen was the bare frame and didn't contain a strengthening and tested to see the reference behavior. Specimens have several design mistakes to represent the existing older structures. The other specimens retrofitted with different configurations. The second specimen was strengthened with exterior shear walls and contained a window opening. The last specimen was also retrofitted with exterior shear wall but the shear walls were divided into two pieces. The load-displacement curves, envelope curves, relative displacement curves, energy absorption curves and rigidity curves were presented and compared within the paper. In the conclusion, the capacity increase of the frame was discussed and several recommendations were presented.