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    Effect of varieties on bioactive compounds, fatty acids, and mineral contents in different grape seed and oils from Bosnia and Herzegovina
    (WILEY, 2019) Banjanin, Tijana; Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Al Juhaimi, Fahad; Rankovic-Vasic, Zorica; Uslu, Nurhan; Mohamed, Isam A.; Ghafoor, Kashif; Babiker, Elfadıl E.; Osman, Magdi A.; Gassem, Mustafa A.; Salih, Hesham A. A.
    This work aimed to evaluate the phytochemical properties of grape seeds and oils of autochthonous variety Blatina, regional variety Vranac and international varieties Merlot, Cabernet, and Muscat cultivated in Herzegovina province. It is estimated that total phenol contents and antioxidant activities of seed extracts ranged between 502.08 (Merlot)-693.33mgGAE/kg (Blatina) and 86.68 (Muscat)-90.76% (Cabernet), respectively. The values for 1,2-dihydroxybenzene and (+)-catechin in seed extracts changed between 42.32 (Blatina)-450.16mg/100g (Muscat) and 56.52 (Cabernet)-960.00mg/100g(Vranac), respectively. Linoleic and oleic acid contents of grape seed oils were between 61.30(Cabernet)-67.84%(Merlot) and 19.87 (Merlot)-24.53% (Blatina), respectively. gamma-Tocopherol contents of seed oils were in the range of 1.84 (Cabernet and Blatina)-2.04mg/g(Merlot). The P and K mineral contents of seeds varied from 3,731.0 (Blatina) to 4,309.3mg/kg (Muscat) and 10,033 (Cabernet) and 16,674mg/kg (Blatina), respectively. Practical applicationsIn this paper, analysis of the grape seeds and oils are presented. Following grape varieties are grown in Herzegovina are analyzed: autochthonous variety Blatina, regional variety Vranac and international varieties Merlot, Cabernet, and Muscat. They are analyzed in terms of the total content of phenol, individual phenols, antioxidant activity, and minerals of grape seed extract. Grape seed oil was also examined for the content of tocopherols and fatty acids. The main interest in oil and seed are the high content of phenol, linoleic acid, and tocopherol used in the pharmaceutical. Based on the presented results it will be possible to compare characteristics of the grape seeds and oils of autochthonous, regional and international varieties.
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    The investigation of bioactive compounds of wine, grape juice and boiled grape juice wastes
    (WILEY, 2019) Gülcü, Mehmet; Uslu, Nurhan; Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Gökmen, Fatma; Özcan, Mustafa Mete; Banjanin, Tijana; Gezgin, Sait; Dursun, Nesim; Geçgel, Ümit; Ceylan, Durmuş Ali; Lemiasheuski, Viktar
    In this study, bioactive compounds, oil, sugar, fatty acid, and mineral contents of grape wastes (pomace, skin, and seeds) obtained from wine, grape juice, and boilled grape juice production were investigated. Total phenol and tannin contents of grape by-products varied between 31.2 mgGAE/g (molasses skin) and 98.97 mgGAE/g (wine seed); 96.93 mgTAE/g (grape juice pomace) and 138.67 mgTAE/g (molasses pomace), respectively. The highest (377.57 g/kg) and lowest (20.00 g/kg) total sugars were determined in molasses and wine skin wastes, respectively. Epicatechin contents of samples were found between 439.67 mg/kg (molasses skin) and 3,444.57 mg/kg (molasses seed). The lowest and highest linoleic acids were determined in molasses skin oil (40.00%) and grape juice skin oil (51.10%). alpha-Tocopherol contents of wine by-product oils changed between 3.35 mg/kg (seed) and 6.42 mg/kg (pomace). The lowest and highest P contents were determined in molasses skin (17,563 mg/kg) and wine seed (29,634 mg/kg), respectively. Practical applications The residue may represent from 13.5 to 14.5% at the total volume of grapes, and may reach 20%. The most abundant phenolic compound in wine pomace is anthocyanins concentrated in the skin, and flavonols present mostly in the grape seed (56-65% total flavonol). Grape is a phenol-rich plant, and these phenolics are mainly distributed in the skin, stem, leaf, and seed of grape, rather than their juicy middle sections. Skins and seeds of grapes are produced in large quantities by the winemaking industry. These by-products have become valuable raw materials due to their high content of polyphenols, tocols, and other macro- and micronutrients. Seed and skins of grape produced in large quantities by the wine making industry have become valuable raw materials for extraction of polyphenols.