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    Relation of serum leptin and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels to intima-media thickness and functions of common carotid artery in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
    (WILEY, 2004) Atabek, ME; Kurtoglu, S; Demir, F; Baykara, M
    Background and aim: Leptin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum leptin, IGF-1 and intima-media thickness (IMT) and functions of common carotid artery (CCA) in children and adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes. Material and methods: Serum leptin and IGF-1 levels were measured in 45 diabetic patients (23 girls and 22 boys). Age, diabetes duration as well as major cardiovascular risk factors, including anthropometric and metabolic parameters, were matched between girls and boys. The relation of serum leptin and IGF-1 levels to CCA structure and functions were measured by ultrasonography as IMT, cross-sectional compliance (CSC), cross-sectional distensibility (CSD), diastolic wall stress (DWS) and incremental elastic modulus (IEM). Results: Serum leptin levels of diabetic girls were higher than those in the boys (21.8 +/- 14.5 mug/l vs 8.9 +/- 10.6 mug/l, p = 0.002). However, the difference for serum IGF-1 levels was not significant between diabetic girls and boys (240.7 +/- 96.8 ng/ml vs 234.7 +/- 93.2 ng/ml; p > 0.05). In all subjects, leptin levels were correlated with CSC (p = 0.04), CSD (p = 0.04) and IEM (p = 0.01), and IGF-I levels were only correlated with CSC (p = 0.01). Leptin did not show any correlation with ultrasonographic measurements in both girls and boys separately. IGF-1 was correlated with CSC (p = 0.001), CSD (p = 0.002) and IEM (p < 0.001) in boys but not in girls. In a multivariate regression model, IGF-1 emerged as independent correlates for mean CSD and IEM in boys but not in girls. Conclusion: Serum leptin and IGF-1 levels in children and adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes are associated with functions of common carotid artery, and the association of IGF-1 levels is influenced by sex.
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    Serum magnesium concentrations in type 1 diabetic patients: Relation to early atherosclerosis
    (ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, 2006) Atabek, ME; Kurtoglu, S; Pirgon, O; Baykara, M
    Hypomagnesemia and sub-clinical atherosclerosis are common in type 1 diabetic patients, and are especially common in poorly controlled and chronically treated diabetics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between serum magnesium (Mg) and intima-media thickness (IMT), and functions, of common carotid artery (CCA), accepted as markers of early carotid atherosclerosis in type I diabetic patients. Serum magnesium levels were measured in 51 diabetic patients (26 girls and 25 boys). Age, duration of diabetes as well as major cardiovascular risk factors, including anthropometric and metabolic parameters were matched between girls and boys. CCA structure and functions were measured by ultrasonography as IMT, cross-sectional compliance (CSC), cross-sectional distensibility (CSD), diastolic wall stress (DWS), and incremental elastic modulus (IEM). The difference for serum Mg was significant between diabetic girls and boys (0.75 +/- 0.09 mmol/l versus 0.86 +/- 0.14 mmol/l; p = 0.02). Mg levels were correlated with IMT (r = -0.58, p = 0.004) and DWS (r = -0.49, p = 0.01) in girls and with IMT (r = -0.55, p = 0.007) and DWS (r = -0.46, p = 0.03) in boys. In a multivariate regression model, Mg, systolic blood pressure and waist-hip ratio emerged as independent correlates for mean IMT in girls with the total variance explained being 63%, and Mg and triglycerides emerged as independent correlates for mean IMT in boys with the total variance explained being 68%. Mg did not emerge as independent correlates for mean DWS in both girls and boys. Serum magnesium levels in children and adolescent patients with type I diabetes are associated with early atherosclerosis. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.