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Öğe Exploring chemical profiles and bioactivities of Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir. leaves and stem bark extracts: A new source of procyanidins(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2020) Liorent-Martinez, Eulogio J.; Ruiz-Riaguas, Alba; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Bene, Kouadio; Cordova, Maria Luisa Fernandez-de; Picot-Allain, Carene; Mahomoodally, Fawzi Mohamad; Saleem, Hammad; Zengin, GökhanThis study attempts to valorize the multiple pharmacological properties of Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir., also known as dragon's blood tree, with wide applications in African traditional medicine. The antioxidant and inhibitory activity of H. madagascariensis leaves and stem bark extracts (ethyl acetate, aqueous extracts, and methanol) against enzymes related to diabetes (alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase), epidermal hyperpigmentation problems (tyrosinase), and Alzheimer's disease (acetyl and butyryl cholinesterase) were evaluated. The phytochemical profiles of the extracts were studied by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS), observing the presence of procyanidins and flavonoids, particularly in the leaves' extracts. The radical scavenging and reducing power of H. madagascariensis leaves' extracts were greater than the stem bark extracts. The methanol extracts of leaves (4.61 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g extract) and stem bark (4.68 mg galantamine (GALAE)/g extract) of H. madagascariensis inhibited acetyl cholinesterase. Methanol extracts (153.55 and 147.07 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE)/g extract, for leaves and stem bark extracts, respectively) of H. madagascariensis showed high tyrosinase inhibition. Correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) were also performed. The observed pharmacological effects of H. madagascariensis support that this plant may be a promising candidate for the development of novel pharmacophores for the treatment of diabetes, epidermal hyperpigmentation problems, Alzheimer's disease, and other oxidative-stress-related complications.Öğe Multidirectional insights on Chrysophyllum perpulchrum leaves and stem bark extracts: HPLC-ESI-MSn profiles, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2019) Baloğlu, Mehmet Cengiz; Llorent-Martinez, Eulogio J.; Aumeeruddy, Muhammad Zakariyyah; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Altunoğlu, Yasemin Çelik; Ustaoğlu, Buket; Öçal, Mustafa; Gürel, Songül; Bene, Kouadio; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Zengin, GökhanCluysophyllum perpulchrum Mildbr. ex Hutch. & Dalziel has been reported to possess several therapeutic properties in African traditional medicine. However, its pharmacological properties have not been fully studied. Herein, we focused on the evaluation of the antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of three solvent extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) of the stem bark and leaves. Polyphenolic components of the extracts were also identified by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-ESI-MSn). The methanolic stem bark extract possess the highest DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging, ferric and molybdenum (VI) reducing, and the highest inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. The aqueous stem bark extract displayed the highest ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) scavenging and cupric reducing power. In contrast, the leaf ethyl acetate extract was the most effective metal chelator and a-amylase inhibitor while the leaf methanolic extract exhibited the highest tyrosinase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition. The highest total phenolic content (131.58 mg GAE/g extract) was recorded from the methanolic stem bark extract while the leaf methanolic extract was the richest in total flavonoid content (30.43 mg RE/g extract). Flavan-3-ols were main group in the methanol extracts. The minimum inhibitiory concentration values for the methanolic stem bark extract against Gram positive and negative bacteria strains ranged between 62.5-125 mu g/ml. Bark extracts of C. petpulchrtun were very effective against Salmonella kentucky, Proteus vulgaris and Staphylococcus aureus at 62.5 mu g/ml. In addition, cytotoxic activity of stem bark samples was evident at lower concentration than those of leaf extracts. Stem bark extracts displayed the highest prevention against to HeLa cell line (IC50 = 264 mu g/mL after 48 h). In light of the above, C. perpulcluum might provide health benefits against oxidative stress and the associated chronic diseases. Nonetheless, the detailed mechanism of action is yet to be further investigated.Öğe Qualitative Chemical Characterization and Multidirectional Biological Investigation of Leaves and Bark Extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae)(MDPI, 2019) Orlando, Giustino; Ferrante, Claudio; Zengin, Gökhan; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Bene, Kouadio; Diuzheva, Alina; Jeko, Jozsef; Cziáky, Zoltán; Di Simone, Simonetta; Recinella, Lucia; Chiavaroli, Annalisa; Leone, Sheila; Brunetti, Luigi; Picot-Allain, Carene Marie Nancy; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Menghini, LuigiAnogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae) has a long history of use by folk populations for the management of multiple human ailments. Based on the published literature, there has been no attempt to conduct a comparative assessment of the biological activity and the phytochemical profiles of the leaves and stem bark of A. leiocarpus extracted using methanol, ethyl acetate, and water. By high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-ESI-MSn) analysis, quinic, shikimic, gallic, and protocatechuic acids were tentatively identified from all the extracts, while chlorogenic, caffeic, ferulic, and dodecanedioic acids were only characterised from the leaves extracts. Additionally, a pharmacological study was carried out to evaluate potential protective effects that are induced by the extracts in rat colon and colon cancer HCT116 cell line. In general, the methanol and water extracts of A. leiocarpus leaves and stem bark showed potent radical scavenging and reducing properties. It was noted that the stem bark extracts were more potent antioxidants as compared to the leaves extracts. The methanol extract of A. leiocarpus leaves showed the highest acetyl (4.68 mg galantamine equivalent/g) and butyryl (4.0 mg galantamine equivalent/g) cholinesterase inhibition. Among ethyl acetate extracts, the pharmacological investigation suggested stem bark ethyl acetate extracts to be the most promising. This extract revealed ability to protect rat colon from lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress, without exerting promoting effects on HCT116 cell line viability and migration. As a conclusion, A. leiocarpus represents a potential source of bioactive compounds in the development of novel therapeutic agents.Öğe Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Heckel stem barks and seed extracts, a native food plant from Africa: Characterization by NMR and HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn(ELSEVIER, 2020) Sut, Stefania; Dall'Acqua, Stefano; Bene, Kouadio; di Marco, Serena Barbon; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Picot-Allain, Marie Carene Nancy; Zengin, GökhanRicinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Heckle is used as food ingredient and in the African traditional medicine. In the present study inhibitory activity on alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase of ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts of R. heudelotii seeds and stem bark were assessed. Stem bark extracts exhibited significant antioxidant properties. Ethyl acetate extract of seed had great inhibitory potential against alpha-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLCDAD-ESI-MSn) analysis revealed the presence of catechin and gallic acid derivatives in bark while fatty acid in seeds. Multivariate analysis of obtained data was performed showing a clear separation between seed and stem bark. Obtained results indicate R. heudelotii stem bark as new starting materials for the development of novel pharmaceutical formulations.
