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Öğe Comparison of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser and Hand Instrumentation on the Attachment of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts to Periodontally Diseased Root Surfaces: An In Vitro Study(Amer Acad Periodontology, 2010) Hakkı, Sema S.; Korkusuz, Petek; Berk, Gizem; Dündar, Niyazi; Sağlam, Mehmet; Bozkurt, Buket; Purali, NuhanBackground: This study investigates the effects of erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser irradiation and hand instrumentation on the attachment of periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts to periodontally involved root surfaces. Methods: Twenty-four single-rooted periodontally involved human teeth (test groups), and six healthy premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons (control group) were included in this study. A total of 45 root slices were obtained from all selected teeth and assigned to the following five groups: 1) untreated healthy group (+control); 2) untreated periodontally diseased group ( control); 3) hand instrumentation group (scaled Gracey); 4) laser I, Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation setting-I (short pulse); and 5) laser II, Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation setting-II (long pulse). All of the root slices were autoclaved in phosphate buffered saline and slices were placed onto cell culture inserts. PDL fibroblasts were placed at the density of 80,000 cells on the root plate (5 x 6 mm) and incubated for 48 hours and transferred to 24-well plates. The attachment PDL fibroblasts on the root plates were observed using confocal microscopy (at 12 hours and on days 3 and 7) and scanning electron microscopy (at 12 hours and day 3). 3- (4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay was performed on day 5 for PDL fibroblast survival. Results: 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay shows that whereas laser-treated specimens showed a significantly higher cell density, the Gracey-treated group showed a lower cell density compared to the positive control group (P < 0.05). Based on confocal microscopy, apparent reduction was observed in the attachment of PDL cells to the periodontally diseased root surfaces. In the laser and Gracey groups, cells looked well-oriented to the root surfaces. Laser-treated groups provided suitable environment for cell adhesion and growth. Laser I treatment was more favorable for the attachment of PDL compared to scaled Gracey, laser II, and even healthy root surfaces. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that short-pulse laser setup (laser I) looks more promising regarding the attachment, spreading, and orientation of PDL cells.Öğe Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Irradiation on the Apical Sealing Ability of AH Plus/Gutta-Percha and Hybrid Root Seal/Resilon Combinations(MOSBY-ELSEVIER, 2010) Onay, Emel Olga; Orucoglu, Hasan; Kiremitci, Arlin; Korkmaz, Yonca; Berk, GizemObjective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of 2 different resin-based endodontic filling systems after smear layer removal with 2 different techniques. Study design. Extracted human single-rooted teeth (n = 74) were instrumented using HERO Shaper rotary instruments and irrigated with 1 mL of 2.5% NaOCl between each instrument. Additionally, the canals received either an extra 3-minute rinse with 2 mL of 17% EDTA or a 40-second Er,Cr:YSGG laser treatment. The root canals were filled with either Hybrid Root Seal/Resilon combination or AH Plus/gutta-percha combination using lateral condensation technique (n + 11). Apical leakage quantity was measured with the computerized fluid filtration meter at 1 and 4 weeks. One root from each group, which was not submitted to the fluid filtration test, was selected for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using 3-way ANOVA and the post hoc Tukey HSD test (alpha = 0.05). Results. A significant decrease was observed in the microleakage values of all the experimental groups tested with time (P < .0001). EDTA + AH Plus/gutta-percha combination exhibited the least microleakage, whereas laser irradiation + Hybrid Root Seal/Resilon combination showed the greatest microleakage at each of the 2 time periods. Each experimental combination exhibited architecture in SEM that seemed to correlate with its sealing performance. Conclusion. Er, Cr: YSGG laser treatment does not enhance the sealing ability of the sealers compared with EDTA application. The root canal adaptation and sealing ability of the Hybrid Root Seal/Resilon combination is not superior to that of the AH Plus/gutta-percha combination.Öğe Effects of laser and acid etching and air abrasion on mineral content of dentin(SPRINGER LONDON LTD, 2011) Malkoc, Meral Arslan; Tasdemir, Serife Tuba; Ozturk, A. Nilgun; Ozturk, Bora; Berk, GizemThe aim of this study was to evaluate the mineral content of dentin prepared using an Er,Cr:YSGG laser at four different power settings, acid etching, and air abrasion. The study teeth comprised 35 molars which were randomly divided into seven equal groups. The occlusal third of the crowns were cut with a slow-speed diamond saw. The groups were as follows: group A, control group; group B, dentin etched with 35% buffered phosphoric acid for 30 s; group C, dentin abraded at 60 psi with 50-A mu m aluminium oxide for 1 s; groups D-G, dentin irradiated with the Er,Cr:YSGG laser at 1.50 W (group D), 2.25 W (group E), 3.00 W (group F), and 3.50 W (group G). The levels of Mg, P, Ca, K and Na in each dentin slab were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Data were analysed by one way analysis of variance and Tukey HSD tests. There were no significant differences between the groups in the levels of Ca, P and Na, and the Ca/P ratio (p > 0.05); however, there were significant differences in the levels of K (p < 0.001) and Mg (p=0.13). In addition, the levels of Mg in the air abrasion group were higher than in the other groups (p < 0.01). Etching with the Er,Cr:YSGG laser system, air abrasion and acid etching did not affect the levels of Ca, P and Na, or the Ca/P ratio, in the dentin surface.Öğe Effects of Root Planing Procedures with Hand Instrument or Erbium, Chromium: Yttrium-Scandium-Gallium-Garnet Laser Irradiation on the Root Surfaces: A Comparative Scanning Electron Microscopy Study(Springer London Ltd, 2010) Hakkı, Sema S.; Berk, Gizem; Dündar, Niyazi; Sağlam, Mehmet; Berk, NukhetThe purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of hand instrumentation and laser irradiation on calculus removal from the root surfaces, in vitro. Thirty-two human teeth, extracted for periodontal reasons, were used in this study. Root surfaces of single-rooted teeth were treated by different methods including (1) conventional hand instruments; (2) hand instruments and tetracycline-hydrochloride (Tet-HCl); (3) erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser irradiation, setting I (short pulse); (4) Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation, setting II (long pulse). Three premolar teeth, extracted for orthodontic reasons, served as control. The morphology of the root surfaces was evaluated by light and scanning electron microscopy. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis was performed to compare the mineral content of root surfaces treated with hand instrumentation and lasing procedures. The results of this study demonstrated that all treatments were efficient in calculus removal from the root surfaces. Thermal changes, including melting and carbonization, were not observed in either lasing procedure. The surface was rougher in the laser groups than in the groups treated with hand instruments. Moreover, roughness was greater in the long-pulse laser setting than in the short-pulse setting. While increased calcium (Ca) and decreased phosphate (P) (weight concentration percent) were observed in all treatments when compared with the control, laser procedures resulted in a more similar mineral content than in the groups treated with hand instruments. Based on these findings, laser procedures, when used in appropriate settings, are capable of performing scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontitis. It may be concluded that short pulse laser may be more suitable for the micro-morphology of the root surface. However, additional in vitro and clinical studies are necessary to clarify the success of laser in periodontal therapy.Öğe Evaluation of mineral content of dentin prepared by erbium, chromium : yttrium scandium gallium garnet laser(SPRINGER LONDON LTD, 2008) Seçilmiş, Aslı; Altıntaş, Subutay Han; Üşümez, Aslıhan; Berk, GizemLaser etching has an effect on the mineral content of dentin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mineral content of dentin prepared at three different power settings with an erbium, chromium:yttrium scandium gallium garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser. The enamel of five, lower, wisdom, molar teeth was removed to expose the dentin surface. Four dentin slabs were obtained, then each tooth was randomly divided into four portions (groups 1 W, 2 W, 3 W and control) so that we could evaluate the effect of laser treatment. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser used for the study had a pulse duration of 140 mu s, a pulse repetition rate of 20 Hz and a power output range of 0 W to 6 W. Laser energy was delivered through a fiberoptic system to a sapphire tip terminal 6 mm long and 600 mu m in diameter, using a non-contact mode. The levels of five elements: magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and sodium (Na), in each slab were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). There were significant differences between the groups (1 W, 2 W, 3 W and control) for Ca, Mg, Na, P and Ca/P ratio (P<0.05); however, there were no significant differences for K (P=0.43). Laser treatment at 1 W significantly affected the mean percentage weight of all element groups except K. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs indicated that the surface irregularities increased with increasing power setting.
