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Öğe Anaerobic Treatment of Young Landfill Leachate(WORLD ACAD UNION-WORLD ACAD PRESS, 2010) Yılmaz, Tuba; Berktay, AliIn this study treatability of young landfill leachate by Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) was investigated. Leachate was collected from landfill site of the Konya city (Turkey). The population of the city is approximately 950000 and flow rate of the leachate is estimated as 100 m(3)/day. The leachate collected from the area was characterized as young leachate depending on high BOD(5)/COD ratio. In the characterization studies, it was observed that COD concentration varied between 4160-98000 mg/L whereas BOD(5) was 1300-56000 mg/L, NH(4)-N was 61-1382 mg/L and PO(4)-P was 12.2-33.9 mg/L. In this study Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR), with 20 L volume was used. Reactor was divided into four equal compartments by the means of vertical baffles. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) of ABR was 4 day and organic loading rate (OLR) was 1.62 kg COD/m(3)-day. The operating temperature of the reactor was maintained constant at 37 degrees C by placing the ABR reactor on a heater. ABR had about 92% COD removal efficiency and most of the organic removal was obtained in the first compartment. It is determined that first compartment acted as acidogenesis phase because pH values of the first compartment was lower than subsequent compartments and TVFA concentrations were the highest. In subsequent compartments most of the TVFA concentration was removed and TVFA concentration was below 100 mg/L in the last compartment. the total and methane gas production rate was 12000 mL/day and 8800 mL/day, respectively and methane yield was 0.3381 m(3) methane/kg COD.Öğe An Application of Landsat-5TM Image Data for Water Quality Mapping in Lake Beysehir, Turkey(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2010) Nas, Bilgehan; Ekercin, Semih; Karabörk, Hakan; Berktay, Ali; Mulla, David J.The main goal of this study was to investigate spatial patterns in water quality in Lake Beysehir, which is the largest freshwater reservoir in Turkey, by using Landsat-5TM (Thematic Mapper) data and ground surveys. Suspended sediment (SS), turbidity, Secchi disk depth (SDD), and chlorophyll-a (chl-a) data were collected from 40 sampling stations in August, 2006. Spatial patterns in these parameters were estimated using bivariate and multiple regression (MR) techniques based on Landsat-5TM multispectral data and water quality sampling data. Single TM bands, band ratios, and combinations of TM bands were estimated and correlated with the measured water quality parameters. The best regression models showed that the measured and estimated values of water quality parameters were in good agreement (0.60 < R (2) < 0.71). TM3 provided a significant relationship (R (2) = 0.67, p < 0.0001) with SS concentration. MR between chl-a and various combinations of TM bands showed that TM1, TM2, and TM4 are strongly correlated with measured chl-a concentrations (R (2) = 0.60, p < 0.0001). MR of turbidity showed that TM1, TM2, and TM3 explain 60% (p < 0.0001) of the variance in turbidity. MR of SDD showed a strong relationship with measured SDD, with R (2) = 0.71 (p < 0.0001) for the ratio TM1/TM3 and TM1 band combinations. The spatial distribution maps present apparent spatial variations of selected parameters for the study area covering the largest freshwater lake and drinking water reservoir in Turkey. Interpretation of thematic water quality maps indicated similar spatial distributions for SS, turbidity, and SDD. A large area in the middle portion of the lake showed very low chl-a concentrations as it is far from point and nonpoint sources of incoming nutrients. The trophic state index values were calculated from chl-a and SDD measurements. Lake Beysehir was classified as a mesotrophic or eutrophic lake according to chl-a or SDD parameters, respectively.Öğe Application of sequencing batch biofilm reactor for treatment of sewage wastewater treatment: effect of power failure(DESALINATION PUBL, 2014) Aygun, Ahmet; Nas, Bilgehan; Berktay, Ali; Ates, HavvaThe operational performance of the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) for treating the university campus wastewater was evaluated. The effects of power failure on performance of processes were investigated by comparing chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) removal, sludge settling properties and microorganism's morphological properties by using SEM photos. The experiments were carried out at four 2-L reactors made from plexiglas. Three in four reactors were operated as SBBR. SBBRs were filled with the kaldnes biomedia K1 to 40, 50 and 60% of the volume of empty reactor. SBR and SBBRs were operated at 6/24 h cycling periods on a day that consisted of wastewater fill (30 min), reaction (4 h), settling (1 h) and draw (30 min), summed up to 6 h with the hydraulic residence time of 7.5 h. The effect of filling ratio on SBBR performance was also determined. In normal operation, average COD removal rates were calculated as 86, 88.5, 90.6 and 94.2% for SBR, SBBR1, SBBR2 and SBBR3, respectively. Power failure is one of the most encountered problems in the small wastewater treatment plants. Its effect was observed at 1 cycle as short term and 4 cycles as long term. Besides the negative effects of the power failure on COD and TSS removal, it also affects sludge settling properties. While interruption time is increased, recovery took much more time than expected to reach steady state conditions for all the reactors. However, the presence of biofilm restricted the adverse effect of power failure. SEM photos and better effluent quality supported these findings.Öğe Basınçlı Ortamda Gerçekleştirilen Biyolojik Atıksu Arıtma Tekniği(1996) Berktay, Ali; Aydın, Mehmet EminBiyolojik atıksu arıtımında basınç kullanımı oldukça yeni bir tekniktir. Biyolojik atıksu arıtımında basınç kullanılmasının gayesi proses içinde gerekli olan çözünmüş oksijen miktarında artış sağlamaktır. Bu ise basınç artışına bağlı olarak gaz konumunda bulunan oksijenin sıvı konumuna geçmesindeki oksijen transfer hızını artırmakla olur. . Bu çalışmada, uygulanacak basınç artışının biyolojik atıksu arıtma verimi üzerine etkisi araştırılmaktadır. Bu çalışma için aynı dizayna sahip iki tane laboratuvar ölçekli biyodisk ünitesi kullanılmıştır. Bu ünitelerden bir tanesi basınca dayanıklı bir reaktör içerisine yerleştirilmiş diğeri ise atmosfere açık olarak işletilmiştir. Basınçlı üniteye laboratuvar şartlarında 1 bar'dan başlamak üzere 6 bar'a kadar çeşitli basınçlar uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bütün sonuçlar aynı laboratuvar şartları altında ve atmosfere açık olarak işletilen ünite sonuçları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Basınçlı ortamda gerçekleştirilen arıtımda B0ls (Biyokimyasal Oksijen İhtiyacı) ve KOl (Kimyasal Oksijen İhtiyacı) giderimi, basınç artışına bağlı olarak, diğer üniteye göre daha iyi olmasına rağmen, basınç uygulamasının en önemli avantajı, oldukça yüksek oranda nit-rifikasyon ve düşük çamur üretim katsayısı değerleri olmuştur. Elde edilen bütün bu değerler basınç artışına bağlı olarak artış göstermiştir.Öğe COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN VARIOUS HYDROLOGICAL MODELS FOR WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: ROBUSTNESS AND SUITABILITY(INT SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE SGEM, 2008) Dogan, Selim; Berktay, AliMany hydrological models have been developed by researchers to simulate watersheds' hydrologic behavior. In the aspect of robustness and suitability of models to a certain watershed depends on the watershed's conditions which are flatness, storage capacity of surface, climate, precipitation distribution and water table level. The success of model predictions related with the selection of the model which will be used for certain watershed. This comparative study investigates various hydrological models' strengths and weaknesses of the respects of cost indication, climatic conditions and hydrological regimes, sensitivity analysis, ability to be used with other models, availability in the market, spatial and temporal resolution and needed user skills. In the light of this comparative study; SWAT, HSPF and HEC-HMS models have been achieved the best results within these respects. Therefore these models may be applied to Salt Lake Basin for further development of this study.Öğe COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FLOW REGIMES FOR THE EXAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS(HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT ASSOC, 2017) Ates, Havva; Dogan, Selim; Berktay, AliThe management of the water resources is an important issue in the countries around the world because it depends on many variables. Prior to the growing environmental awareness, flow rate and regime are critical components of water supply, water quality, and the ecological integrity of river systems. Environmental flow may be described as the required stream flow quantity to support the ecological activity in a river system. While environmental flow assessment provides protection and use balance over the water resources and it also reduces the natural and artificial effects that caused of deterioration of the natural condition of the rivers. There are only a few environmental flow assessment studies in Turkey. In this paper, daily flow data has been used to determine the flow regimes in order to have some idea about the environmental flow. For this purpose, common methods such as original Tennant method, modified Tennant method, wetted perimeter method, 7Q10 and Q95 have been examined. Daily flow data has been obtained from three gauging stations located in Great Menderes Basin. The first one (07-30) is unregulated, the second is regulated (07-04) and the third one is indirectly regulated (07-71) gauging stations. As a result of this study, particular methods have more reliability and might be more appropriate for each case. The modified Tennant method could be selected as the most practical method for the measured data of flow rates in unregulated gauging station. Q95 method can be used for the other two stations.Öğe Comparison of multi-monthly rainfall-based drought severity indices, with application to semi-arid Konya closed basin, Turkey(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2012) Dogan, Selim; Berktay, Ali; Singh, Vijay P.Many drought indices (DIs) have been introduced to monitor drought conditions. This study compares Percent of Normal (PN), Rainfall Decile based Drought Index (RDDI), statistical Z-Score, China-Z Index (CZI), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), and Effective Drought Index (EDI) to identify droughts in a semi-arid closed basin (Konya), Turkey. Comparison studies of DIs under different climatic conditions is always interesting and may be insightful. Employing and comparing 18 different timesteps, the objective of comparison is twofold: (1) to determine the effect of timestep for choosing an appropriate value, and (2) to determine the sensitivity of DI to timestep and the choice of a DI. Monthly rainfall data obtained from twelve spatially distributed stations was used to compare DIs for timesteps ranging from 1 month to 48 months. These DIs were evaluated through correlations for various timesteps. Surprisingly, in many earlier studies, only 1-month time step has been used. Results showed that the employment of median timesteps was essential for future studies, since 1-month timestep DIs were found as irrelevant to those for other timesteps in arid/semi-arid regions because seasonal rainfall deficiencies are common there. Comparing time series of various DI values (numerical values of drought severity) instead of drought classes was advantageous for drought monitoring. EDI was found to be best correlated with other DIs when considering all timesteps. Therefore, drought classes discerned by DIs were compared with EDI. PN and RDDI provided different results than did others. PN detected a decrease in drought percentage for increasing timestep, while RDDI overestimated droughts for all timesteps. SPI and CZI were more consistent in detecting droughts for different timesteps. The response of DI and timestep combination to the change of monthly and multi-monthly rainfall for a qualitative comparison of severities (drought classes) was investigated. Analyzing the 1973-1974 dry spell at Beysehir station, EDI was found sensitive to monthly rainfall changes with respect to cumulative rainfall changes, especially more sensitive than other DIs for shorter timesteps. Overall, EDI was consistent with DIs for various timesteps and was preferable for monitoring long-term droughts in arid/semi-arid regions. The use of various DIs for timesteps of 6, 9, and 12 months is essential for long term drought studies. 1-month DIs should not be used solely in comparison studies to present a DI, unless there is a specific reason. This investigation showed that the use of an appropriate timestep is as important as the type of DI used to identify drought severities. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Contribution of Konya Plain Projects to the National Development in Turkey’s Water-Related Energy(Multi Science Publ Co Ltd, 2006) Berktay, Ali; Nas, Bilgehan; Demirbaş, AyhanKonya basin is the largest closed basin in Anatolia. Konya plain project (KOP: Konya Ovasi Projeleri in Turkish) is a comprehensive group of projects, which includes construction of dams, hydroelectric power plants, and irrigation systems as well as providing developments in agricultural infrastructure, transportation industry, water supply, water budged, environmental impacts and in other issues. The KOP is described as being the second big project for the purpose of irrigation after South Eastern Project in Turkey. The KOP comprises 47,720 km(2) of area spread over four river basins in Konya closed basin. The KOP consists of 12 projects including nine big scale water projects, two water supply projects, energy projects, and a number of small scale surface, and ground water irrigation projects. The KOP area covers the 73% of the total area that can be irrigated in Konya closed basin. Presently, 308,073 ha of land are irrigated by 12 individual projects in the KOP. In order to reach up to 617,923 ha irrigated area, much effort has been done in the all projects.Öğe Effect of COD/SO42- ratio on anaerobic treatment of landfill leachate during the start-up period(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2012) Yilmaz, Tuba; Erdirencelebi, Dilek; Berktay, AliThis study investigates the performance of an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) during the start-up period of raw young landfill leachate treatment at two chemical oxygen demand (COD) to SO42- ratios of 20 and 4. The reactor was operated at ambient temperature and low organic loading rates (0.52, 0.76 and 1.05 kgCOD/m(3) per day). During the study, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) activity increased at the lower ratio of COD/SO42- producing higher levels of sulfide and alkalinity. The dissolved sulfide concentration reached an inhibitory level above 250 mg/L, which caused a sharp reduction in the total COD removal efficiency from 77-80% to 32%. Total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) production proceeded at a constant level despite increased organic loading. As the effluent total and organic COD concentrations increased, the inhibitory effect of the inborn sulfide was correlated to the limitation experienced in the hydrolysis/acidogenesis stages, and thus VFA production and organic matter removal.Öğe THE EFFECTIVE USE OF WATER IN KONYA (TURKEY) CLOSED BASIN(INT SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE SGEM, 2008) Berktay, Ali; Nas, BilgehanThere are 25 main river basins in Turkey. Konya Closed Basin (KCB) is 4th biggest basin according to its precipitation area which is about 53 850 km(2). The area consists of two closed sub-basins those are referred to as Salt Lake Basin and Konya Basin. Disruption of the natural hydrological regimes and over-consumption of freshwater resources pose the principal threats to the wetlands, salt lakes and freshwater bodies. Irrigation schemes have diverted water from the streams that feed scattered freshwater resources to convert some of the salty steppes to agricultural fields. It leads to a decrease in the overall freshwater content of the lakes, wetlands and streams. These are two of several drainless areas of the Central Anatolian Plateau, which is itself also a closed basin. Each of the basins is characterized by the presence of a large lake, respectively Salt Lake and Beysehir Lake. The KCB is fed by rivers and groundwater coming mainly from the south and by melt water and rainfall from the mountain range bordering the basin in the south. The Konya Plain Project (KPP) is a comprehensive group of projects which includes construction of dams, hydroelectric power plants, and irrigation systems as well as providing developments in agricultural infrastructure, transportation industry, water supply, water budged, environmental impacts and in other issues. Konya Plain Project (KPP) is thought together with land consolidation studies in the region. The KPP comprises 47,720 km of area spreaded over 4 river basins in Konya closed basin. The KPP consists of 12 projects including 9 big scale water projects, 2 water supply projects, energy projects, and a number of small scale surface and ground water irrigation projects.Öğe Effects of Hydraulic and Toxic Shock Loadings on a Rotating Biological Disc Unit(1996) Berktay, AliBu çalışmanın gayesi, hidrolik ve toksik yüklemelerin aerobik biyolojik atıksu arıtımı üzerine etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Bu çalışmada, hidrolik ve toksik şok yüklemelerin biyolojik atıksu arıtımı üzerine etkisi, laboratuvar ölçekli bir biyodisk ünitesi üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, atıksu kaynağı olarak laboratuvar şartlarında hazırlanmış sentetik atıksu kullanılmıştır. Toksik şok yüklemeler değişik pH seviyelerinde ve sisteme civa ilavesi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. pH 'değişimi ve civa ilavesi ile yapılan toksik şok yükleme denemeleri değişik zaman periyotlarında sürdürülmüştür. Biyodisk ünitesi, uygulanan bu hidrolik ve toksik şok yüklemeler altında çok iyi direnç göstermiş olmakla beraber, şok yüklemelerden pH 2 ve pH 12 yüklemelerinden olumsuz yönde etkilenmiştir. Sistemin uygulanan şok yüklemelere karşı normal denge şartlarını oluşturabilmesi için çok daha fazla çalıştığı gözlenmiştir.Öğe Evsel karakterli atıksu arıtma çamurlarının çim bitkisi ağır metal (Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, Pb, Cd) içeriği üzerine etkisi(Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi, 2006) Küçükhemek, Murat; Gür, Kemal; Berktay, AliBu çalışma, organik madde ve besin elementleri açısından fakir bir toprağa, farklı düzeylerde uygulanan evsel karakterli arıtma çamurunun, yetiştirilen çim bitkisi (Mixture 4M “Star” 0126827) ağır metal (Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd) içerikleri üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada arıtma çamuru, dört farklı düzeyde (0/kontrol, 40, 80 ve 120 ton/ha), iki yıl süreyle arazi şartlarında uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen iki yıllık verilere göre; arıtma çamuru uygulamalarının kontrole göre, çim bitkisinin Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr ve Pb içeriklerini artırdığı, bu artışın en fazla Pb, Zn ve Cr içeriklerinde olduğu, Mn içeriğinde ise düşüşe neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ancak arıtma çamuru uygulamalarıyla çim bitkisi ağır metal içeriklerinde görülen artışların, bitkiler için yeterli aralıklarda kaldığı ve toksik değerlerin oldukça altında olduğu görülmüştür. Kontrol uygulamasında yetiştirilen çim bitkilerinde çinko eksikliği tespit edilirken, arıtma çamuru uygulanan tüm düzeylerde (40, 80 ve 120 t/ha) çinko içeriklerinin yeterli değerlerde olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda, endüstriyel kaynaklı deşarj içermeyen arıtma çamurunun besin elementlerince fakir bir toprakta 40?120 t/ha düzeylerinde toprak iyileştiricisi olarak kullanılmasıyla yetiştirilen çim bitkisinde ağır metallerin kabul edilebilir seviyelerde olduğu ve özellikle kontrol uygulamasında görülen Zn eksikliğinin giderildiği tespit edilmiştir.Öğe Groundwater Quality Mapping in Urban Groundwater Using GIS(SPRINGER, 2010) Nas, Bilgehan; Berktay, AliKonya City, located in the central part of Turkey, has grown and urbanized rapidly. A large amount of the water requirement of Konya City is supplied from groundwater. The quality of this groundwater was determined by taking samples from 177 of the wells within the study area. The purposes of this investigation were (1) to provide an overview of present groundwater quality and (2) to determine spatial distribution of groundwater quality parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, Cl (-aEuro parts per thousand), SO(4) (-aEuro parts per thousand 2), hardness, and NO(3) (-aEuro parts per thousand) concentrations, and (3) to map groundwater quality in the study area by using GIS and Geostatistics techniques. ArcGIS 9.0 and ArcGIS Geostatistical Analyst were used for generation of various thematic maps and ArcGIS Spatial Analyst to produce the final groundwater quality map. An interpolation technique, ordinary kriging, was used to obtain the spatial distribution of groundwater quality parameters. The final map shows that the southwest of the city has optimum groundwater quality, and, in general, the groundwater quality decreases south to north of the city; 5.03% (21.51 km(2)) of the total study area is classified to be at the optimum groundwater quality level.Öğe Influence of High Organic Loading Rates on COD Removal and Sludge Production in Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor(MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, 2008) Aygun, Ahmet; Nas, Bilgehan; Berktay, AliA moving bed biofilm reactor ( MBBR), where biomass is attached to small carrier elements that move freely along with the water in the reactor, has been tested for organic matter removal at five different organic loading rates. A lab-scale reactor with a volume of 2L was built and fed continuously with synthetic wastewater. The reactor was filled with the Kaldnes biomedia K1 which is used in the patented Kaldnes Moving Bed (TM) biofilm process at 50% of the volume of empty reactor. Hydraulic retention times (HRT) in the reactor and in the settler were adjusted to between 8 and 4 hours, respectively. A start-up period of about 4 weeks for biofilm growth on the carrier was followed by 10 weeks of testing period. By changing the wastewater composition, the operation of the system was adjusted, one after the other, to five different organic loading rates: 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 g COD/m(2).d. Organic removal efficiency decreased with increasing organic loading rate, ranging from 95.1%, 94.9%, 89.3%, 68.7% and 45.2% as the organic loading rate was increased form 6 to 96 g COD/m(2).d. In the MBRR reactor, the biofilm reached an average concentration of 3.28 kg TSS/m(3) at the highest organic loading rate. The ratio between the TSS production and the total COD removal was 0.12 kg TSS/kg total COD at an influent total COD of 500 mg/l.Öğe Mapping chlorophyll-a through in-situ measurements and Terra ASTER satellite data(SPRINGER, 2009) Nas, Bilgehan; Karabork, Hakan; Ekercin, Semih; Berktay, AliThis paper presents an application of water quality mapping through real-time satellite and ground data. The Lake Beysehir which is the largest freshwater lake and drinking water reservoir in Turkey was selected as the study area. Terra ASTER satellite image is used as remote sensing data source for water quality mapping in addition to simultaneously performed in-situ measurements. Ground data is collected simultaneously with the ASTER overpass on June 09, 2005 over the Lake Beysehir. The spatial distribution map is developed by using multiple regression (MR) technique for water quality parameter, which is chlorophyll-a (chl-a). The results indicate that simultaneous ground and satellite remote sensing data are highly correlated (R (2) > 0.86). In the image processing step, geometric correction, image filtering and development of water quality map procedures are performed with the ERDAS Imagine and ArcGIS 9.0 software. The trophic status of Lake Beysehir is considered to be oligotrophic with an average 1.55 A mu g/l chl-a concentration.Öğe METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES OF KONYA CLOSED BASIN AND CONDITION OF TUZ LAKE(INT SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE SGEM, 2009) Dogan, Selim; Ture, Hasan; Berktay, AliThe average pattern of weather, called climate, usually stays pretty much the same for centuries if it is left to itself. However, the earth is not being left alone. There is now very strong evidence that significant global warming can't be explained by natural causes alone. Humans are changing the climate by their actions, especially through emissions of greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide, which artificially warm the atmosphere of the earth. Scientific studies showed that climate change is fact not a myth or speculation. The meteorology of Konya Closed Basin which covers pretty large area in central Turkey has been analyzed in this paper. Required data for the analyses acquired from the sixteen meteorological stations located in Konya Closed Basin for the period of 1975-2008. The meteorological variables such as pressure, temperature, precipitation, humidity and wind velocity are selected to explain basin's meteorology in detail. Especially analyses of temperature and precipitation data are indicator to understand global warming effects. Another aim of this study is to show the shrinkage of Tuz (Salt) Lake which is situated in north part of Konya Closed Basin. Water quantity is getting low day by day and the surface of Tuz Lake shrinks gradually.Öğe Organik ve pH şok yüklemelerinin ardışık kesikli reaktörlerde (AKR) arıtım verimine etkisi(Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi, 2004) Ertuğrul, Tuba; Berktay, Ali; Nas, BilgehanBu çalõşmada laboratuar şartlarõnda biri kontrol diğeri ise şok yükleme uygulanan reaktör olmak üzere birbirine paralel 2 AKR kullanõlarak organik ve pH şok yüklemelerin arõtõm verimine etkisi araştõrõlmõştõr. Atõksu kaynağõ olarak sentetik atõksu kullanõlmõştõr.Her iki reaktör de normal şartlarda (KOİ=1000 mg/l) işletilirken 1. reaktöre KOİ=5000 mg/l organik şok yüklemesi uygulanmõştõr. Daha sonra aynõ reaktöre ardõşõk organik şok yüklemeler tatbik edilmiştir. pH şok yüklemesi ise reaktör hacminin 1/10 u oranõnda pH= 2 ve pH=12 olan suyun ani olarak reaktöre verilmesi şeklinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sistem, uygulanan birinci şok yüklemeden etkilenmiş ancak 2 gün içerisinde normal işletme şartlarõna geri dönmüştür. Ardõşõk olarak uygulanan organik şok yüklemeler sonrasõ ise sistemde çamur çökelme özellikleri bozulmuş ve sistem normal haline geri dönememiştir. Uygulanan pH şok yüklemeler sistemi fazla etkilememiş ve arıtma veriminde önemli değişiklikler oluşturmamıştır.Öğe Parametrik olmayan testler kullanılarak Sakarya havzası yağışlarının trend analizi(Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi, 2004) Büyükyıldız, Meral; Berktay, AliBu çalışmada Türkiye’nin önemli büyük havzalarından olan Sakarya Havzası’na ait aylık toplam yağışlardaki değişimi belirlemek amacıyla trend analizi yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla havzada bulunan 25 adet yağış gözlem istasyonuna ait 1960-2000 periyodundaki aylık toplam yağış verilerine parametrik olmayan Sen’in T, Spearman’ın Rho, Mann-Kendall ve Mevsimsel Mann-Kendall trend testleri uygulanmıştır. Trend analizleri iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk aşamada aylık toplam yağışlar yıllık bazda değerlendirilmiş, ikinci aşamada ise her istasyona ait yağış serilerinin her bir aylık değişimi incelenmiştir. Trendlerin homojenliği de yine parametrik olmayan Van Belle ve Hughes Homojenlik testi ile test edilmiştir. Trendlerin lineer eğimleri (birim zamandaki değişim) Sen tarafından geliştirilen Sen’in Trend Eğim Metodu kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Her bir ay için trend başlangıç yılları ise parametrik olmayan Mann-Kendall Mertebe Korelasyon testi ile belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak incelenen istasyonların yarısında 0.05 anlamlılık seviyesinde azalan trendler bulunmuştur. 0.05 anlamlılık seviyesine göre toplam 300 ay içerisinde trend tespit edilen aylar dikkate alındığında toplam 44 ayda trend tespit edilmiştir. Bu trendlerin yaklaşık %20’si artan, %80’i ise azalan yöndedir. Artan yönde trendler 6 istasyonla Ekim ve 3 istasyonla Ağustos ayında bulunmuştur. Geriye kalan 35 aydaki trandler ise azalan yöndedir.Öğe Removal of chromate from aqueous system by activated red-mud(ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 2008) Dursun, Sukru; Guclu, Dunyamin; Berktay, Ali; Guner, TuncIn this investigation, red-mud which is the semi-waste of the Seydisehir Aluminium Factory in Turkey was used as an adsorbent material after activation processes. Firstly, the red-mud was treated with different concentration of HCl acid and was washed up with deionized water to clean the acid and other residues. Then, activate adsorbent was used in different doses and at the different pH values for each experimental test. Furthermore, optimum activated red-mud dosage was added in the water containing different chromate concentration. So, the capability of the red-mud for the chromate removal from the water was investigated. In the experiments, the chromate added tap water was used for synthetic water samples. About 70 % chromate removal efficiency was obtained by the optimum red-mud dose and pH value. This investigation indicated that waste of aluminium factories might be used for heavy metal removal processes from the water.Öğe Removal of COD and Colour From Young Municipal Landfill Leachate by Fenton Process(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2010) Yılmaz, Tuba; Aygün, Ahmet; Berktay, Ali; Nas, BilgehanLandfill is a common solution for the final disposal of municipal solid waste in Turkey. In recent years, studies of landfill leachate treatment by Fenton process have indicated that these methods can effectively reduce concentrations of organic contaminants and colour. The aim of this study is to investigate the removal efficiencies of colour and organic matter as COD from young municipal landfill leachate and the effect of operating conditions such as initial pH and Fenton's reagent dosage. Leachate was collected from municipal sanitary landfill located in city of Konya, Turkey. The main characteristics of the leachate were: pH = 7.25, colour = 3510 ptCo, COD = 38200 mgL-1, BOD5 = 22000 mgL-1, ratio of BOD5/COD was 0.58 and alkalinity as CaCO3 = 10250 mgL-1. It is observed that presenting a high value of COD and BOD5 and the rate of BOD5/COD values indicate that the leachate can be defined as young. The treatment of the leachate by Fenton process was carried out in a batch reactor. Under the optimal operation conditions (initial pH = 3, 2000 mgL-1 Fe2+ and 5000 mgL-1 H2O2), 55.9% of the initial COD and 89.4% colour were removed.
