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    Bond Strength of Self-etch Adhesives After Saliva Contamination at Different Application Steps
    (OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC, 2013) Cobanoglu, N.; Unlu, N.; Ozer, F. F.; Blatz, M. B.
    This study evaluated and compared the effect of saliva contamination and possible decontamination methods on bond strengths of two self-etching adhesive systems (Clearfil SE Bond [CSE], Optibond Solo Plus SE [OSE]). Flat occlusal dentin surfaces were created on 180 extracted human molar teeth. The two bonding systems and corresponding composite resins (Clearfil AP-X, Kerr Point 4) were bonded to the dentin under six surface conditions (n=15/group): group 1 (control): primer/bonding/composite; group 2: saliva/drying/primer/ bonding/composite; group 3: primer/saliva/ rinsing/drying/primer/bonding/composite; group 4: primer/saliva/rinsing/drying/bonding/ composite; group 5: primer/bonding (cured)/ saliva/rinsing/drying/primer/bonding/composite; group 6: primer/bonding (cured)/saliva/removing contaminated layer with a bur/rinsing/ drying/primer/bonding/composite. Shear bond strength was tested after specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 C for 24 hours. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests were used for statistical analyses. For CSE, groups 2, 3, and 4 and for OSE, groups 6, 2, and 4 showed significantly lower bond strengths than the control group (p<0.05). CSE groups 5 and 6 and OSE groups 3 and 5 revealed bond strengths similar to the control. When saliva contamination occurred after light polymerization of the bonding agent, repeating the bonding procedure recovered the bonding capacity of both self-etch adhesives. However, saliva contamination before or after primer application negatively affected their bond strength.
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    Influence of Operator Experience on In Vitro Bond Strength of Dentin Adhesives
    (Quintessence Publishing Co Inc, 2012) Unlu, N.; Gunal, S.; Ulker, M.; Ozer, F.; Blatz, M. B.
    Purpose: To examine the influence of operator experience level on shear bond strength (SBS) of a self-etching adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond [CSE], Kuraray) and an etch-and-rinse adhesive (Single Bond [SB], 3M ESPE). Materials and Methods: Flat dentin surfaces were created on 120 extracted human third molars. Bonding agents and composite resin were applied and light cured according to manufacturers' directions (n = 15). Four operators with different levels of experience in operative dentistry performed the same specimen preparation steps independently: group 1: specialist in operative dentistry; group 2: post-graduate student; group 3: undergraduate dental student; group 4: private general practitioner. Specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 h at 37 degrees C before SBS testing. Statistical analyses were carried out with Mann-Whitney U- and Kruskall-Wallis tests. Results: For CSE, mean SBS and standard deviations were: (1) 54.4 +/- 15.6(a), (2) 55.3 +/- 7.6(a), (3) 49.4 +/- 10.5(ab), (4) 41.6 +/- 13.1(b). For SB, they were: (1) 28.6 +/- 10.3(c), (2) 32.7 +/- 11.2(c), (3) 17.5 +/- 5.6(d), (4) 24.4 +/- 9.5(cd). Groups with the same superscript letters are not significantly different. CSE showed higher bond strengths than SB in all groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in mean bond strengths between groups 1 and 2 for each adhesive (p > 0.05). Depending on the adhesives, groups 3 and 4 were significantly different from groups 1 and 2, but not different from each other. Conclusion: Operator experience influences dentin bond strength values of dentin adhesives. An increased level of experience with a specific adhesive system and the associated application procedures correlates with higher SBSs.