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    Craniofacial structure of Anatolian Turkish adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced faces
    (MOSBY-ELSEVIER, 2004) Basciftci, FA; Uysal, T; Buyukerkmen, A
    This study aimed to develop cephalometric standards for Anatolian Turkish men and women. Fifty young men (mean age [+/- standard deviation], 22.61 +/- 1.22) and 55 young women (mean age, 22.14 +/- 1.44 years) were studied. All subjects were born to Turkish parents and grandparents and were 19 to 25 years old. All had Class I occlusions with minor or no crowding, normal growth and development, well-aligned maxillary and mandibular dental arches, all teeth present except third molars, good facial symmetry determined clinically and radiographically, no significant medical history, no history of trauma, no previous orthodontic or prosthodontic treatment, and no maxillofacial or plastic surgery. Twenty-five measurements (14 linear and 11 angular) were analyzed on each radiograph. Arithmetic mean and standard deviation were calculated for each measurement. For statistical evaluation, independent-samples t tests were performed. Our established values were compared with the norms of other investigators who studied facial esthetics. Significant racial differences were found in skeletal measurements (anterior nasal spine [ANS] to menton), dental measurements (maxillary incisor to sella-nasion plane, mandibular incisor to nasion-Point B line, and mandibular incisor to mandibular plane), and soft tissue measurements (H angle, upper lip to E plane, and upper lip to Steiner S line). Significant sex differences were found in the measurements condylion to A point, condylion to gnathion, ANS to menton, and nasion to ANS. It is appropriate to put these cephalometric norms into daily orthodontic practice when an Anatolian Turkish population is being treated.
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    The effects of activator treatment on the craniofacial structures of Class II division 1 patients
    (OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2003) Basciftci, FA; Uysal, T; Buyukerkmen, A; Sari, Z
    The aim of the present study was to clarify the skeletal treatment effects induced by activator treatment. Fifty actively growing patients with Class II division 1 malocclusions were treated with an activator appliance. A control group consisting of longitudinal growth data from 20 patients (untreated Class II division 1 malocclusions) was used to eliminate possible differences in growth pattern. Lateral cephalograms of each patient were taken at the start and end of treatment. Final cephalograms were taken after a mean of 16.4 (+/-2.0) months activator treatment, compared with a mean of 14.2 (+/-2.4) months for the control group. Each cephalogram was traced and digitized by the same individual. The mean and standard deviations for linear and angular cephalometric measurements were analysed statistically, and intra- and inter-group changes were evaluated by paired- and independent-sample t-tests. At the end of the study period, the overjet was decreased in all patients. Ramus height, corpus length, anterior and posterior face height all increased significantly (P < 0.05). In the treatment group, ANB angle decreased and the bite was opened. The activator appliance caused maxillary incisor lingual tipping and mandibular incisor labial tipping. The overjet was decreased as a result of the increased forward growth of the mandible and dentoalveolar changes. The results demonstrated that the activator appliance has a characteristic skeletal and dental effect on the developing craniofacial complex.
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    The influence of extraction treatment on holdaway soft-tissue measurements
    (E H ANGLE EDUCATION RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC, 2004) Basciftci, FA; Uysal, T; Buyukerkmen, A; Demir, A
    The aims of this study were (1) to determine the changes in the soft-tissue measurements of orthodontic patients treated with four first premolars extractions as determined by the Holdaway Analysis, (2) to investigate the sexual differences between pre- and posttreatment values, and (3) to compare the Holdaway soft-tissue norms with findings in Anatolian Turkish adults. Pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms of 58 patients (26 boys and 32 girls) were evaluated. During treatment, the H angle, soft tissue subnasale to H line, and upper-lip strain decreased, and the upper-lip thickness, inferior sulcus to H line, and nose prominence increased. No statistically significant sex differences were found between the pre- and posttreatment values of the four premolar extraction cases. When the pretreatment values were compared with the Holdaway soft-tissue norms of Anatolian Turkish adults, seven variables showed statistically significant differences. When the posttreatment values were compared, six measurements showed statistically significant differences. It was determined that some measurements (H angle, inferior sulcus to H line, upper-lip thickness) moved closer to the Anatolian Turkish norms with extraction of four first premolars. However, upper-lip strain measurement changed in an undesirable direction during the treatment. In this study, the sample began treatment with greater facial imbalance, and the facial esthetics improved during treatment. It is necessary to investigate this difference in future studies using larger sample sizes.