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Öğe Allied Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network Optimization with Interactive Fuzzy Programming Approach(SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG, 2017) Calik, Ahmet; Pehlivan, Nimet Yapici; Paksoy, Turan; Karaoglan, IsmailThe concept of closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) has started to attract growing attention due to the consumer pressures, environmental awareness, and legislations. Managers in many companies have realized that a well-designed supply chain (SC) can improve the companies' performance in the market. Thus, a lot of companies start to focus on CLSC issues including remanufacturing, refurbishing, recycling, and disposal of end-of-life products. The body of literature on CLSC management has been overwhelmingly dominated by noncooperative studies. In order to fill up this gap in the literature, we deal with an allied SC network in cooperative environment. With the implementation of allied SCs, companies not only maximize their profit but also minimize their various costs and become more flexible and efficient in the market. Following this motivation, we develop a decentralized multilevel CLSC model for allied SCs. At the first decision level, the plants in allied SCs are considered as the upper-level DMs of the Stackelberg game. At the second level, raw material suppliers, common suppliers, assembly centers, and common collection centers are considered as the lower-level DMs of the Stackelberg game. In order to tackle each decision-maker (DM)'s unique objectives, we propose a new fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-based interactive fuzzy programming (IFP) approach. In the IFP approach, upper-level DMs determine the minimum satisfactory level for their own objectives, and by using this value, the lower DMs evaluate their own satisfactory level. A compromise solution can be derived until termination conditions are satisfied. The primary aim of this study is to design a decentralized CLSC network in cooperative environment and to propose a novel IFP approach. Finally, a numerical example is implemented and analyzed in order to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.Öğe A Decentralized Model for Allied Closed-Loop Supply Chains: Comparative Analysis of Interactive Fuzzy Programming Approaches(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2017) Calik, Ahmet; Paksoy, Turan; Yildizbasi, Abdullah; Pehlivan, Nimet YapiciThe supply chain network design problem addresses various factors that maximize customers' demand and minimizes the sum of strategic, tactical, and operational costs. Companies with common activities in their supply chains have started to cooperate with each other to achieve better service levels. Based on this initiative, a multi-level mixed-integer linear programming model is developed that includes two allied supply chains with different decision makers (DM) at two different decision-making levels. The primary aim of this study is to design an allied closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) network that uses some of the same facilities. The secondary aim of this study is to examine this allied CLSC model simultaneously and analyse the impact of the DMs' objectives based on satisfaction degrees. Various interactive fuzzy programming (IFP) approaches were utilized to examine the presented multi-level CLSC model. A novel IFP approach which is based on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed IFP approach on the CLSC model is investigated with hypothetical data. The computational results show that the proposed approach obtains higher satisfaction degrees for upper-level DMs than the other approaches.Öğe AN INTEGRATED FUZZY AHP/DEA APPROACH FOR PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF TERRITORIAL UNITS IN TURKEY(VILNIUS GEDIMINAS TECH UNIV, 2018) Calik, Ahmet; Yapici Pehlivan, Nimet; Kahraman, CengizDue to the differences between regions and sub-regions in the countries, some problems come out especially in economic and social life. The issue of differences of regions has been widely implemented to evaluate the economic performance of Turkey in many disciplines. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of 26 sub-regions of NUTS-2 classification using integration Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The integrated FAHP/DEA method comprises two stages. In the first stage, linguistic terms are used to determine the decision makers' opinion and are converted to quantitative forms by using FAHP methods. Subsequently, in the second stage, DEA method is applied to obtain relative efficiency of sub-regions in Turkey. The integrated FAHP/DEA method is illustrated with a real case study.Öğe MULTI-LEVEL OPTIMIZATION OF AN AUTOMOTIVE CLOSED-LOOP SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORK WITH INTERACTIVE FUZZY PROGRAMMING APPROACHES(VILNIUS GEDIMINAS TECH UNIV, 2018) Yildizbasi, Abdullah; Calik, Ahmet; Paksoy, Turan; Zanjirani Farahani, Reza; Weber, Gerhard-WilhelmClosed-Loop Supply Chain (CLSC) management has attained appreciable attention over the last few years. CLSC management allows companies to manage their recovery and recycling activities of end products. Due to the latest developments in the world, producers are responsible for the collection, refurbishing, repairing and disassembly of end products at the end of their lives. This paper develops a mixed-integer CLSC model that is inspired by the automotive industry. In this model, we consider three Decision Makers (DM): Plant, Dismantler Center and Customer. Each DM has individual objectives and is responsible for only its own objective function under same constraints. In order to tackle the trade-offs among the objectives, we used four different Interactive Fuzzy Programming (IFP) approaches. The applications of the model and solution techniques are investigated in conjectural data. The paper ends with a conclusion and a call for future studies.Öğe A Novel Interactive Fuzzy Programming Approach for Optimization of Allied Closed-Loop Supply Chains(ATLANTIS PRESS, 2018) Calik, Ahmet; Pehlivan, Nimet Yapici; Paksoy, Turan; Weber, Gerhard WilhelmIn recent years, the relationship between companies and suppliers has changed with the continuous rise in environmental awareness and customer expectations. In order to fulfill customers' needs, the actors in a Supply Chain (SC) network sometimes compete and sometimes cooperate with each other. In SC management, both competitive and collaborative strategies have become important and have required different points of view. In a collaborative environment, companies should strive for common targets with mutual relationship. After managers decided to share their resources, some positive effects have appeared on the companies and suppliers' performance such as profitability, flexibility and efficiency. Consequently, many companies are willing to cooperate with each other in a SC network because of these reasons. On the other hand, Closed-Loop Supply Chain (CLSC) management has been attracting a growing interest because of increased environmental issues, government regulations and customer pressures. Based on this initiative, our paper presents a novel allied CLSC network design model with two different SCs including common suppliers and common collection centers. First, a decentralized multi-level Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model that consists of two different levels of Decision Makers (DMs) is developed. The plants of common SCs comprise the upper-level DMs, common suppliers, common collection centers, and the logistics firm comprises the lower-level DMs. A novel Interactive Fuzzy Programming (IFP) approach using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is proposed to obtain a preferred compromise solution for the developed model. Through use of Fuzzy AHP in the proposed IFP approach, the DMs can identify the importance of the lower-level DMs. In order to validate the developed model and the proposed IFP approach, a numerical example is implemented. According to the obtained results, our proposed IFP method outperforms Sakawa and Nishizaki's(1) and Calik et al.' s(2) approach with respect to the satisfaction degrees of upper-level DMs for the developed CLSC model.