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    Enzyme inhibitory effect and antioxidant properties of astragalus lagurus extracts
    (Bentham Science Publishers B.V., 2016) Zengin, Gökhan; Ceylan, Ramazan; Güler, Gökalp Özmen; Carradori, S.; Uysal, Şengül; Aktümsek, Abdurrahman
    Antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects (against cholinesterase, tyrosinase, ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase) of ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts from Astragalus lagurus (Fabaceae) were investigated with spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant capacity were evaluated by using different assay including free radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power (FRAP and CUPRAC), phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelating experiments. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was also determined as 20.34-20.72 mg GAEs/g and 19.58-31.10 mg REs/g, respectively. Generally, A. lagurus ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts were observed to possess higher antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects compared to methanol extract. The aqueous extract exhibited the strongest free radical scavenging activity on DPPH (20.65 mg TEs/g) and ABTS (67.43 mg TEs/g) as well as on reducing power tests (73.98 mg TEs/g for CUPRAC and 53.49 mg TEs/g for FRAP). ş-Amylase and ?-glucosidase inhibition were found to be 0.12-0.56 and 1.45-1.82 mmol ACAEs/g. These findings suggest that A. lagurus could provide natural biologically active agents to be used in food and pharmaceutical industry. © 2016 Bentham Science Publishers.
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    Neem oil nanoemulsions: characterisation and antioxidant activity
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd, 2017) Rinaldi, F.; Hanieh, P. N.; Longhi, C.; Carradori, S.; Secci, D.; Zengin, Gökhan; Ammendolia, M. G.; Mattia, Elena; Favero, Elena Del; Marianecci, Carlotta; Carafa, Maria
    The aim of the present work is to develop nanoemulsions (NEs), nanosized emulsions, manufactured for improving the delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients. In particular, nanoemulsions composed of Neem seed oil, contain rich bioactive components, and Tween 20 as nonionic surfactant were prepared. A mean droplet size ranging from 10 to 100 nm was obtained by modulating the oil/surfactant ratio. Physicochemical characterisation was carried out evaluating size, ?-potential, microviscosity, polarity and turbidity of the external shell and morphology, along with stability in simulated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), activity of Neem oil alone and in NEs, HEp-2 cell interaction and cytotoxicity studies. This study confirms the formation of NEs by Tween 20 and Neem oil at different weight ratios with small and homogenous dimensions. The antioxidant activity of Neem oil alone and in NEs was comparable, whereas its cytotoxicity was strongly reduced when loaded in NEs after interaction with HEp-2 cells. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.