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    Does 2% chlorhexidine digluconate cavity disinfectant or sodium fluoride/hydroxyethyl methacrylate affect adhesion of universal adhesive to dentin?
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2016) Kusdemir, Mahmut; Cetin, Ali Riza; Ozsoy, Alev; Toz, Tugba; Bozkurt, Funda Ozturk; Ozcan, Mutlu
    The objectives of this study were to investigate the adhesion of a universal adhesive used either in total-etch (TE) or self-etch (SE) mode with and without 2% chlorhexidine digluconate cavity disinfectant (CHX) or sodium fluoride/hydroxyethyl methacrylate (NaF/HEMA) to dentin. Dentin surfaces of extracted human non-carious third molar teeth (N=18) were exposed and randomly assigned to two groups. Half of the teeth were conditioned with TE and the others with SE adhesive mode. The teeth were then randomly divided into two groups where half were cleaned with 2% CHX (Cavity Cleanser, Bisco, CC) and the other half with NaF/HEMA (Aqua Prep F, Bisco, APF). Control groups in TE (C1) and SE (C2) adhesive system did not receive any cavity disinfectant. Dentin surfaces were conditioned with universal adhesive (Single Bond Universal, SBU) and resin composite blocks (3M Z550) were bonded incrementally on the conditioned dentin using a mold. The teeth were stored in water for 48h, and from each tooth, beam-shaped specimens (1mm(2)) were prepared (n=14, per group). Microtensile bond strength (MBS) was measured using a universal testing machine (1mm/min). Data (MPa) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (=0.05). Two-parameter Weibull distribution values including the Weibull modulus, scale (m), and shape ((0)) values were calculated. Mean MTBS results (MPa) showed significant difference between the experimental groups (p=0.001) and were in descending order as follows: C1-CC (32.8 +/- 6.4)a0.05). CC application significantly increased the bond strength in TE mode, but significant reduction was observed when used in SE mode (p<0.05). The use of APF did not significantly decrease the bond strength in TE mode, but significant reduction was observed when used in SE mode. Considering Weibull parameters, characteristics of adhesion seem to be less reliable for C2-CC (m=3.86) and more reliable for C1-CC (m=6.77). Failure types were predominantly adhesive between the dentin and the adhesive resin. Mixed failures were more common for both C1 and C2 and total etch-CC combination.
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    Effect of accelerated aging on the bonding performance of fluoridated adhesive resins
    (JAPANESE SOC DENTAL MATERIALS DEVICES, 2014) Cobanoglu, Nevin; Ozturk, Bora; Sengun, Abdulkadir; Cetin, Ali Riza; Ozer, Fusun
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the dentin bond durability of a one-step, fluoride-containing, glass ionomer-based adhesive system, Reactmer Bond (RB), and that of a two-step, fluoride-containing, self-etch adhesive system, Clearfil Protect Bond (CPB). Enamel was removed from the occlusal surfaces of teeth, and flat dentin surfaces were entirely covered with a composite resin following the application of an adhesive material (n=10). After specimens were sectioned into rectangular sticks of 0.87 +/- 0.03 mm(2), the sticks were randomly assigned into two accelerated aging time period groups: 1 week or 1 year. Microtensile bond strengths were determined. Bond strength of RB increased significantly after 1 year (1 week=27.80 +/- 10.57 MPa versus 1 year=36.93 +/- 14.38 MPa) (p<0.05). In contrast, there was no significant difference in bond strength between the two time periods for CPB (1 week=51.74 +/- 17.8 MPa versus 1 year=56.03 +/- 18.85 MPa) (p>0.05). Both fluoride-containing adhesives seemed to demonstrate reliable bonding performance after 1 year of accelerated aging in water.
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    Effect of alternative modes of application on microleakage of one-step self-etch adhesives
    (ELSEVIER TAIWAN, 2013) Ulker, Mustafa; Ulker, Hayriye Esra; Karabekiroglu, Said; Botsali, Murat Selim; Cetin, Ali Riza
    Background/purpose: Contemporary one-step self-etch adhesives are certainly the most user-friendly adhesives; however, typically could not compete with the more traditional multi-step adhesives. This in vitro study evaluated the efficacy of two modes of application (double application or placement of a hydrophobic resin coating) for the reduction of microleakage, using three different one-step self-etch adhesives (AdheSE One VivaPen, lvoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein; Xeno V, Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz, Germany; OptiBond All-In-One, Kerr Italia S.r.l, Scafati, Italy). Materials and methods: We prepared Class V cavities with the occlusal margin in enamel and gingival margin in dentin on both buccal and lingual surfaces of 108 human molar teeth. Cavities were divided into nine groups according to the combination of adhesives and application modes used (n = 24). For applying adhesives, we followed three types of procedures: (1) according to the manufacturers' directions; (2) using a double-application method; and (3) with the additional placement of a hydrophobic resin layer after following the manufacturers' directions. We restored the cavities with a composite resin. After thermocycling (500 cycles at 5 degrees C/55 degrees C) and immersion in 0.5% basic fuchsin, we sectioned the teeth and evaluated them for microleakage using a stereo microscope (20x). Enamel and dentin margins were scored separately, and we analyzed the data using Kruskal-Wallis, Bonferroni-corrected Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: Application of a hydrophobic resin over the cured Xeno V adhesive decreased the amount of microleakage at the enamel margins, compared with the application according to the manufacturer's instructions (P = 0.005). Both application modes decreased the amount of microleakage at the dentin margins with AdheSE One VivaPen adhesive, compared with application according to the manufacturer's instructions (P < 0.001). With the OptiBond All-In-One adhesive, no significant difference between application modes was observed. Conclusion: Alternative modes of application did not adversely affect the sealing ability of one-step self-etch adhesives. Depending on the type of adhesive, alternative modes of application may contribute to low microleakage values. Copyright (C) 2012, Association for Dental Sciences of the Republic of China. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved.
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    The effect of luting cement thicknesses on the push-out bond strength of the fiber posts
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2013) Ozcan, Erhan; Cetin, Ali Riza; Tuncdemir, Ali Riza; Ulker, Mustafa
    Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of luting cement thicknesses on the push-out bond strength of the fiber posts. Materials and methods. Sixty human maxillary canine teeth were endodontically treated. Post spaces were prepared and root specimens randomly divided into three groups: Group 1: etch-and-rinse (Variolink II/Exite DSC), Group 2: self-etch (Panavia F2.0/ED primer) and Group 3: self-adhesive (Clearfil SA Cement). Then each group was divided into four sub-groups according to the cement thickness, as follows: Sub-group 1: 0.35 mm, Sub-group 2: 0.25 mm, Sub-group 3: 0.15 mm, and Sub-group 4: 0.05 mm. Three slices of 1 mm thickness were obtained from each root specimen (n = 15). Push-out tests were performed and data was analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results. The etch-and-rinse system (Variolink II) had a significantly higher bond strength compared with the other systems (p < 0.05). The thickest cement group (0.35 mm) had a significantly lower bond strength compared with the 0.15 and 0.05 mm groups in the etch-and-rinse and self-adhesive groups (p < 0.05). In the self-etch group, the cement thicknesses did not significantly affect the bond strength (p > 0.05). Conclusions. The etch-and-rinse system offered better bonding to root dentine than the self-adhesive and self-etch systems. The increases in cement thickness significantly reduced the bond strength of fiber posts to root dentine for both the etch-and-rinse and self-adhesive systems.
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    Effects of aging on the bond strength of self-etching adhesives and resin luting cements
    (ELSEVIER TAIWAN, 2013) Cetin, Ali Riza; Unlu, Nimet; Cebe, Mehmet Ata
    Background/purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the microtensile bond strengths of self-etching adhesives and resin luting cements immediately after bonding and after exposure to aging. Materials and methods: Forty noncarious human molars were divided into five groups and randomly assigned to self-etching systems [AdheSE Bond(ASE), Prompt L-Pop(PLP), and Tyran-SPE+Onestep Plus(OSP)] or resin luting cement systems [Panavia F(PF) or Duolink(DL)]. All adhesives were applied in accordance with the manufacturers' instructions. A composite resin build-up was created with composite resins from each respective company (Tetric EvoCeram, Filtek Supreme XT, Aelite Aesthetic, Estenia, and Tescera ATL). Half of the specimens were tested immediately after bonding. The remaining specimens were mechanically loaded in artificial saliva for 60,000 cycles with a wear simulator at 37 degrees C and were then stored in artificial saliva at room temperature for 1 year before undergoing a microtensile test. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's honestly significant difference test. Results: Differences in immediate bonding values were observed among the adhesives, ASE demonstrating the greatest bond strength. After aging (with loading and after 1 year), a reduced interfacial bond strength was observed for the ASE, OSP, and DL adhesives. Conclusion: PF luting cement and PLP dentin adhesive were less affected by aging than the other dentin adhesive systems studied. Additional in vivo data should be acquired to complement these findings and clarify the clinical efficacies of the tested adhesives. Copyright (c) 2012, Association for Dental Sciences of the Republic of China. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved.
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    Elution of monomer from different bulk fill dental composite resins
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2015) Cebe, Mehmet Ata; Cebe, Fatma; Cengiz, Mehmet Fatih; Cetin, Ali Riza; Arpag, Osman Fatih; Ozturk, Bora
    Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the elution of Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, HEMA, and Bis-EMA monomers from six bulk fill composite resins over four different time periods, using HPLC. Methods. Six different composite resin materials were used in the present study: Tetric Evo Ceram Bulk Fill (Ivoclar Vivadent, Amherst, NY), X-tra Fill (VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany), Sonic Fill (Kerr, Orange, CA, USA), Filtek Bulk Fill (3M ESPE Dental Product, St. Paul, MN), SDR (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany), EQUIA (GC America INC, Alsip, IL). The samples (4 mm thickness, 5 mm diameter) were prepared and polymerized for 20s with a light emitted diode unit. After fabrication, each sample was immediately immersed in 75 wt% ethanol/water solution used as extraction fluid and stored in the amber colored bottles at room temperature. Ethanol/water samples were taken (0.5 mL) at predefined time intervals:10 m (T1), 1 h (T2), 24h (T3) and 30 days (T4). These samples were analyzed by HPLC. The obtained data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD at significance level of p < 0.05. Results. Amount of eluted Bis-EMA and Bis-GMA from Tetric Evo Ceram Bulk Fill and amount of eluted TEGDMA and HEMA from X-tra Fill higher than others composites (p < 0.05). Significance. Residual monomers were eluted from bulk fill composite resins in all time periods and the amount of eluted monomers was increased with time. (C) 2015 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Influence of eugenol on the push-out bond strengths of fiber posts cemented with different types of resin luting agents
    (SPRINGER, 2013) Ozcan, Erhan; Cetin, Ali Riza; Capar, Ismail Davut; Tuncdemir, Ali Riza; Aydinbelge, Hale Ari
    This study evaluated the influence of eugenol on the push-out bond strengths of fiber posts cemented with different types of resin luting agents. Seventy-two extracted maxillary single-rooted canine teeth were randomly divided into two groups of 36 teeth. Group 1, the control group, was filled with gutta-percha only (i.e., did not receive eugenol), whereas group 2 was filled with a eugenol-containing sealer. All root canals were filled and each group was divided into three subgroups. The posts in each subgroup were cemented with the following materials: subgroup 1 with a 2-step self-etching adhesive system (Clearfil Liner Bond 2V + Panavia F); subgroup 2 with a 1-step self-etching adhesive (Panavia F); and subgroup 3 with a self-adhesive (Clearfil SA Cement). Dislodgement resistance was measured using a universal testing machine. All data were subjected to ANOVA using a factorial design and Tukey test (alpha = 0.05). The use of the eugenol-containing sealer significantly reduced the push-out bond strength of the fiber post (P < 0.05). The push-out bond strength of Panavia F was significantly higher than those of the other groups filled with the eugenol-containing sealer (P < 0.05). The Panavia F group was less susceptible to the inhibiting effect of eugenol than were the other evaluated groups when the fiber post was cemented in the canals filled with the eugenol-containing sealer.
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    One-year clinical evaluation of direct nanofilled and indirect composite restorations in posterior teeth
    (JAPANESE SOC DENTAL MATERIALS DEVICES, 2009) Cetin, Ali Riza; Unlu, Nimet
    The aim of this study was to assess the clinical performance of three direct composite resins and two indirect inlay systems in posterior teeth using the modified USPHS criteria. A total of 1.00 restorations were placed in the molars of 54 patients by one operator. All restorations were directly evaluated by two examiners at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Statistical analysis was conducted using McNemar chi-square test at a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Recall rate was 100% at 6 and 12 months, and all the restorations evaluated (i.e., 100%) received Alpha rating for the criteria of retention and gingival adaptation. At 12 months for the surface texture criterion, 80% of Filtek Supreme XT received Alpha rating while it was 95% for Tetric EvoCeram and AELITE Aesthetic. For marginal discoloration, 85% of Tescera ATL and Filtek Supreme XT received Alpha rating while it was 95% for Tetric EvoCeram and AELITE Aesthetic. Further, none of the restorative systems received a Charlie rating for any of the criteria at all evaluation periods. In summary, all the restorations demonstrated clinically satisfactory performance with no significant differences detected among them.