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    Eco-friendly management of common bacterial blight disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli on beans
    (Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2020) Chane, Tibebu Belete; Baştaş, Kubilay Kurtuluş
    Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a legume widely cultivated in the world, is an important source of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals in the human diet. It is also the primary leguminous crop produced in Turkey. Common bacterial leaf blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap) is one of the most severe causes of economic losses in beans. Antibiotics and copper compounds that are constantly used to combat this disease causes serious damage to natural ecosystems, and often fail to control this disease. In this study, Xap strains were isolated from bean samples collected from different cultivated areas located in the Konya Province, and the causal agent was identified by biochemical and molecular methods. The antibacterial, anti-quorum sensing (QS), and antibiofilm formation effects of different aromatic and medicinal plants against Xap were evaluated. The reactions of some common bean cultivars against CBB were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Besides, within the scope of eco-friendly disease management, the effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis str. QST 713 against CBB in comparison to copper hydroxide (CH) alone and mix (Bacillus subtilis str. QST 713 + CH) was investigated. According to the results, the isolated strains from the collected bean plant samples were determined and confirmed as Xap strains through biochemical, physiological, morphological, and molecular identification methods. Additionally, there was no plasmid DNA size difference detected among the identified Xap strains. Among the medicinal and aromatic plants included in the trial, Syzgium aromaticum extract showed the strongest antibacterial, anti-QS, and anti-biofilm formation effect, followed by Coriandrum sativum, Thymus vulgaris, Brassica nigra, Lepidium sativum, and Ruta chalepenis. These plant extracts were indicated to be potential candidates as anti-QS agents in preventing CBB disease in beans. In biological control trials, the lowest disease severity and intensity, the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), and the lowest bacterial populations were obtained from mix application (str. QST 713+ CH) followed by the applications of str. QST 713 and CH, respectively. Based on this result, it is thought that integrated management with bio-control agents is the best strategy for effective control of CBB in sustainable and organic agriculture. In the variety screening trials, Noyanbey and Özmen cultivars were defined as Xap-resistant varieties with the average disease severity of 2.39 and 2.73, respectively. Therefore, the aforementioned common bean cultivars can be used as potential genetic material in the breeding studies against CBB in Turkey.