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Öğe The Determination of Viscosity in Barley and Using Possibilities of Barleys, Having Different Viscosity, Supplemented With Enzyme in Layer Diets(Indian Counc Agricultural Res, 2000) İnal, Fatma; Coşkun, B.; Balevi, Tahir; Umucalılar, H. D.; Gülşen, N.; Özkara, R.This study was conducted as 3 step set of experiments to investigate the possibility of using hydrolytic enzyme in laying diets. In the first trial, the crude nutrients and acid extract viscosity values of 78 barley grain samples collected from different regions of Turkiye were determined. CP values were ranging from 9.83 to 13.40% and acid extract viscosity were from 1.64 to 12.64 cS. Samples were grouped as low, medium and high viscosity barley grains. In the second trial, a commercial enzyme mixture (xylanase, alpha amylase, cellulase, glucanase, pectinase 22%, lactose 75%, citric acid 2.5%, and protease 0.5%) was added to barley samples in an inclusion of 150 mg/kg. Enzyme supply reduced the viscosities like 3.95 to 3.81 for low, 6.14 to 4.20 for medium and 10.07 to 8.53 for high viscosity classed barley samples. A control diet based corn and six experimental diets containing 30% barley (w/w) in low medium and high viscosity subgroups with and without enzyme supplementation were prepared and fed to 210 laying hens located in cages at the age of 30 weeks (n=30) for 12 weeks. The productive performance differences between treatment groups were not statistically significant. Feed consumed per dozen eggs was 2.00kg in control and 2.07kg in high viscosity barley consuming groups. In the third trial, metabolisable energy values of barley samples and the effect of enzyme supplementation on ME were determined in cockerels. The ME values were 13.90, 14.24 and 13.71 MJ/kg DM.Öğe Effect of Dietary Probiotic on Performance and Humoral Immune Response(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2001) Balevi, T.; Uçan, U. S.; Coşkun, B.; Kurtoğlu, V.; Çetingül, I. S.1. The effects of dietary supplementation of a commercial probiotic ( Protexin(TM)) on daily feed consumption, egg yield, egg weight, food conversion ratio and humoral immune response in layer hens were investigated. In 7 replicates, a total of 280 40-week-old layers were given diets containing either 0, 250, 500 or 750 parts per million (ppm) for 90 d. 2. When compared with the controls, the food consumption, food conversion ratio and the proportions of damaged eggs were lower in the group consuming 500 ppm probiotic ( P< 0.05). 3. There was no significant difference between the controls and the groups receiving 250 and 750 ppm probiotic in food consumption, food conversion ratio and proportion of damaged eggs. Similarly, the egg yield, egg weight, specific gravity, and peripheral immune response showed no statistically significant differences between the groups.Öğe Effect of Lactose and Dried Whey Supplementation on Growth Performance and Histology of the Immune System in Broilers(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2002) Gülşen, Nurettin; Coşkun, B.; Umucalılar, H. D.; İnal, Fatma; Boydak, MuratThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of lactose and dried whey supplementation as dietary component on growth performance and histology of lymphoid organs and ileum in broilers. A total of 480 day-old chicks were utilised for 42 days. Animals were assigned randomly to one of three treatments: control, lactose (2.5%), and dried whey (3.85%). Body weight was greater for animals supplemented with lactose or dried whey than for those not supplemented. There were no effects of treatments on feed intake and feed efficiency. In general, the effects of lactose or dried whey supplementation on histology of lymphoid organs and ileum were variable. Plasma cell counts were lower for animals supplemented with lactose than for those supplemented with dried whey. However, the length of intestinal villi during the starter period was greater for experimental groups than for control group.Öğe Effects of Boron Supplementation of Adequate and Inadequate Vitamin D-3-Containing Diet on Performance and Serum Biochemical Characters of Broiler Chickens(W B SAUNDERS CO LTD, 2001) Kurtoğlu, V.; Kurtoğlu, F.; Coşkun, B.In this study, supplementation of two levels (5 and 25 parts per million; ppm) of boron into broiler diets including 125 IU kg(-1), (inadequate) and 2000 IU kg (1) (adequate) vitamin D-3 as investigated. The effects of supplementation on performance and biochemical characters (Ca, P, Mg, glucose and AP) of broilers from 1 to 45 days of age were evaluated. Boron provided significant increases in performances of chicks fed both adequate and inadequate vitamin D-3-containing diets. The improvements in the inadequate vitamin D-3-containing group were higher than that of adequate vitamin D-3-containing group. The boron addition had a positive effect on Ca, P and alkaline phosphatase levels of chicks. Boron might be regarded as beneficial in inadequate vitamin D-3-containing broiler feed.Öğe Effects of Dietary Levels of Vitamin a on the Egg Yield and Immune Responses of Laying Hens(POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC, 1998) Coşkun, B.; İnal, F.; Çelik, İ.; Erganiş, O.; Tiftik, A. M.; Kurtoğlu, F.; Kuyucuoğlu, Y.This research, which was designed and carried out as two consecutive experiments, investigated the effects of four different levels (0, 4,000, 12,000, and 24,000 IU/kg) of vitamin A supplementation on egg yield, plasma vitamin A levels, and immune responses of laying hens. Transmission of maternal immunity to their descendants was also studied. In the first experiment, egg yield, blood vitamin A levels, and various parameters of the immune system such as T lymphocyte levels in the peripheral blood, plasma cell counts in the spleen, and antibody titers against Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in the sera were investigated for a l-yr period. A total of 864 Hisex-brown laying hens were used in this experiment. The chicks were reared as commercial flocks until the 18th wk of age. No significant differences occurred among the parameters of the different diet groups. In the second experiment, maternal immunity was assessed in the chickens, supplied by hatching the eggs from hens in the first experiment. Maternal immunity was assayed by using the parameters as in Experiment 1. For this purpose, both blood and tissue samples were taken on the 2nd, 7th, and 10th d posthatch. Vitamin A supplementation had no significant effects on maternally, derived antibody titers or histologic structure of the lymphoid organs.Öğe Effects of Echinacea Extract on the Performance, Antibody Titres, and Intestinal Histology of Layer Chicks(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2010) Gürbüz, E.; Balevi, T.; Kurtoğlu, V.; Coşkun, B.; Öznurlu, Y.; Kan, Y.; Kartal, M.1. This research was conducted to determine the effect of diet supplementation with Echinacea extract (cichoric acid) on the growth performance, antibody titres and intestinal tissue histology of layer chicks. 2. White, 1-d-old, Hy-Line hybrid chicks (n = 540) were divided into three treatments, each consisting of 6 groups of 30 chicks (n = 180): (1) control; (2) 2 center dot 5 mg/kg cichoric-acid-fed; and (3) 5 mg/kg cichoric-acid-fed. The trial lasted 60 d. 3. While the growth performance of the chicks was depressed between d 1 and 45, it was found to improve between d 45 and 60. 4. Feed consumption was lower in both of the cichoric-acid-fed groups than in the control group between d 1-15 and 15-30, but was higher between d 30 and 45. Overall, mean feed consumption did not differ between the control and cichoric-acid-fed groups during the 60 d study period. 5. During the 60 d evaluation period, live weight gain, feed utilisation rate and final live weight were higher in the control group than in both of the cichoric-acid-fed groups. 6. Antibody titres against infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease did not differ between the three groups, but those for Newcastle disease were higher in the 2 center dot 5 mg/kg cichoric-acid-fed group than in the control group after 45 d. 7. Height and width of the jejunal villus and the thickness of the muscle layer were lower in the 5 mg/kg cichoric-acid-fed group than in both the control and the 2 center dot 5 mg/kg cichoric-acid-fed groups. The height of the ileal villus was also lower in the 5 mg/kg cichoric-acid-fed group than in the other two groups. 8. Echinacea extract supplementation for layer chicks appears not to benefit growth performance and intestinal histology during the growing period.Öğe Effects of Some Dietary Oils on Performance and Fatty Acid Composition of Eggs in Layers(Ecole National Vet Toulouse, 2000) Balevi, T.; Coşkun, B.This study was carried out to examine the fatty acid compositions of the oils (cotton, corn, flax, soybean, olive, sunflower, fish, tallow and rendering oils). Thus, the effects on the productivity of layer and reflection in their product was also investigated. In this trial, the effects of 2.5 % nine different kind of oils on the performance of layer and fatty acid in the yolk of the each ration was determined. For the study, 24 hens were used in each group. The study for 56 days carried out and totally 216 hens were used. Feed intake, egg productivity, egg weight, feed conversion, the ratio of damaged eggs and the fatty acid compositions in the egg yolk were determined. Daily feed intake were found nonsignificant between each group (P > 0.05). Thus, there were no differences between the groups on egg yield and egg weight (P > 0.05). The smallest value for feed conversion was observed at the group fed the ration contained tallow (2.03 kg), while the greatest value was obtained from the group fed ration contained sunflower oil (2.31 kg). No effect of rations on the specific weight which is one of the important criterions on determining the shell quality was observed. Fat content of the egg yolk and fatty acid composition were also determined. As a result of consuming tallow and rendering oil- rich rations, the level of saturated fatty acids were increased in the egg yolk it is shown that feeding the omega-3 fatty acid-rich flax oil and omega-6 fatty acid-rich soybean oil is in higher omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids values in egg yolks, comparate the others.Öğe Effects of Some Oils Used in Broiler Rations on Performance and Fatty Acid Compositions in Abdominal Fat(Ecole National Vet Toulouse, 2000) Balevi, T.; Coşkun, B.This study was carried out to examine how the fatty acid compositions of oils (sunflower, cotton, corn, flaxseed, soybean, olive, fish, tallow and rendering oils) were reflected in the products and their effects on the growing performance of broilers. Trial was carried out to determine the effects of the same fat sources on the performance of the broilers and fatty acid compositions of abdominal fat with totally 414 broiler chicks. Feed consumption, body weight, feed conversion, abdominal fat/carcass yield and fatty acid levels of abdominal fat were determined. At the end of trial, the lowest moderate body weight were found to be 1957.10; 1901.20; 2197.20; 2072.76; 2080.30; 1943.20; 1887.30; 2074.00; 2099.20 g, respectively. The lowest daily body weight increase was also observed at the group fed the fish oil (37.53 g) and the greatest daily body weight increased at the group fed the corn oil (43.85 g). The lowest feed conversion ratio 1.95 kg was observed at the group which consumed the ration containing corn oil. In samples of abdominal fats taken from broilers which consumed omega-3-rich fats, omega-3 fatty acids, showing omega-3/omage-6 fatty acids ratio significantly increased. The fat content and fatty acid composition of abdominal fat were determined. The level of fatty acid from the group consumed flax oil that was rich in omega-3 was observed the highest (15.62 %), while the lowest level (2.02 %) was found in the group administered with rendering oil. Of all groups, the highest level (52.33 %) of saturated fatty acid was obtained from the group Fed ration contained tallow Consequently, the compositions of fatty acids from these sort of animal products presented for human consumption was seen to highly alter depending on nutrition. Especially, following consumption flax and oil, the ratio I, omega-3 appeared to increase. The person who consume those might be peculated to be in low risk of being disordered by heart-vessel diseases.Öğe The Effects of Various Level of Vitamin E on the Immunity and Egg Yield of Laying Hens(SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 1997) Coşkun, B.; İnal, F.; Erganış, O.; Kuyucuoğlu, Y.; Ok, U.; Çelik, I.; Tiftik, A. M.This research was carried out in two experiments. In first experiment, four different levels of vitamin E (0, 5, 35 and 70 IU/kg feed) were added the diets based on corn, and the effects of the diets on egg yields, blood vitamin E levels, T-lymphocyte percentage, plasma cell count in spleen and antibody titers against the vaccine of Newcastle disease were investigated for one years. Total of 864 laying hens were used in this experiment. The mean egg yields of the experimental groups were 79.9, 80.6, 77.2 and 79.5% (P>0.05) and feed consumptions for one kg egg were 2.23, 2.23, 2.36 and 2.20 kg (P<0.05). No significant differences among groups found in blood vitamin E levels and histologic and immunologic results. In the second experiment twentyfour chick for each group were supplied by hatching eggs from the hens used in experiment I in order to investigate maternal immunity. Antibody titers were determined at day 2, 7 and 10. At same day, for histologic investigation, blood and some lenfoid tissue samples from spleen, bursa Fabricii, tymus and ileum were taken at same days the effects of different vitamin E levels were not significant on the antibody titers and histologic results.Öğe The Effects of Various Level of Vitamin E on the Immunity and Egg Yield of Laying Hens(1997) Coşkun, B.; İnal, F.; Erganiş, O.; Kuyucuoğlu, Y.; Ok, U.; Çelik, I.; Tiftik, A. M.This research was carried out in two experiments. In first experiment, four different levels of vitamin E (0. 5, 35 and 70 IU/kg feed) were added the diets based on corn, and the effects of the diets on egg yields, blood vitamin E levels, T-lymphocyte percentage, plasma cell count in spleen and antibody titers against the vaccine of Newcastle disease were investigated for one years. Total of 864 laying hens were used in this experiment. The mean egg yields of the experimental groups were 79.9, 80.6, 77.2 and 79.5% (P>0.05) and feed consumptions for one kg egg were 2.23, 2.23, 2.36 and 2.20 kg (P<0.05). No significant differences among groups found in blood vitamin E levels and histologic and immunologic results. In the second experiment twentyfour chick for each group were supplied by hatching eggs from the hens used in experiment I in order to investigate maternal immunity. Antibody titers were determined at day 2, 7 and 10. At same day, for histologic investigation, blood and some lenfoid tissue samples from spleen, bursa Fabricii, tymus and ileum were taken at same days the effects of different vitamin E levels were not significant on the antibody titers and histologic results.Öğe In Situ Rumen Degradation and in Vitro Gas Production of Some Selected Grains From Turkey(Blackwell Verlag Gmbh, 2002) Umuçalılar, H. D.; Coşkun, B.; Gülşen, N.An investigation of the dry matter degradability (DMD) and effective dry matter degradability (EDDM) was performed for barley, wheat, rye, corn, triticale and oat samples, using the Nylon-bag technique. Gas production (GP), metabolizable energy (ME) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were also studied by using Hohenheim gas test. The DM from barley, wheat, rye and triticale was digested rapidly in the rumen, and, at the 48 h of incubation, degradability was found to be approximately about 80%. The higher degradability observed for these grains than for oats and corn was attributable to the structure of these grains. In contrast, DM of corn and oats was degraded very slowly and reached 66.7 and 66.5 at 48 h, respectively. Effective degradability values of barley, wheat, rye, corn, triticale and oats were determined to be 61.4, 69.0, 64.0, 41.7, 66.7 and 58.6% in 5% rumen outflow rate, respectively. At the end of the 48 h incubation, total gas productions in barley, wheat, rye, corn, triticale and oats were estimated to be 83.6, 87.2, 87.5, 83.5, 85.8 and 63.9 ml/200 mg DM, respectively. The mean ME values of these grains calculated from cumulative gas amount at 24 h incubation were 11.8, 12.1, 12.3, 10.9, 12.4 and 10.2 MJ/kg DM, respectively. In vitro digestible organic matter of barley, wheat, rye, corn, triticale and oats were estimated to be 85.0, 87.3, 88.2, 79.5, 89.0 and 72.6%. Percentage overall EDDM (k = 5%) of barley, wheat, rye, triticale and oats was positively correlated with in vitro GP at 6 h, cumulative GP at 24 h and total GP at 48 h (p < 0 05). As a result, in situ dry matter degradation of grains showed great differences depending on the chemical compositions. In situ EDDM of grains may be predicted from in vitro gas production parameters.Öğe Preventive Efficacy of Clinoptilolite in Broilers During Chronic Aflatoxin (50 and 100 Ppb) Exposure(W B Saunders Co Ltd, 2000) Oğuz, H.; Kurtoğlu, V.; Coşkun, B.This study was conducted to evaluate the protective efficacy of clinoptilolite (CLI, a natural zeolite) in the prevention of toxic effects of aflatoxin (AF). A total of 576 1-day-old Ross broiler chicks were housed in six treatment groups [six replicates of 16 each; control, CLI (15 g kg(-1) diet), 50 parts per billion (ppb) AF, 50 ppb AF plus CLI, 100 ppb AF, 100 ppb AF plus CLI] for 42 days. Compared to controls, 100 ppb AF treatment significantly decreased body weight gains of chicks. The addition of CLI to the 100 ppb Accontaining diet moderately reduced the adverse effects of AF On performances of chicks. The chicks consuming 50 ppb AF-containing diet showed no significant differences on investigated parameters compared to controls. Also. the single addition of CLI to the AF-free diet had no adverse effects in birds. These results suggest that CLI can be beneficial in broilers for protection of AF toxicity at the level above.
