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Öğe Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular systolic function in neonatal calves with naturally occurring sepsis or septic shock due to diarrhea(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2019) Naseri, Amir.; Sen, Ismail.; Turgut, Kursad.; Guzelbektes, Hasan.; Constable, Peter D.Sepsis is associated with clinically relevant cardiovascular changes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the clinical value of echocardiography for monitoring left ventricular (LV) systolic function in septic calves. A prospective longitudinal study was performed using a convenience sample. Twenty septic calves and 10 healthy calves were enrolled in the study. Arterial blood pressure (BP) was measured and M-mode echocardiography performed to characterize LV systolic function; the latter included measurement of ejection fraction, EF; stroke volume, SVI and cardiac output indexed to body weight, CI; E-point of septal separation, EPSS; pre-ejection period, PEP; ejection time, LVET; ratio of PEP to LVET; velocity of circumferential shortening, Vcf, LV enddiastolic volume index (LVEDVI) and LV end-systolic volume index (LVESVI) on admission and 6, 24, 48 and 72 h later in septic calves and once in healthy calves. Admission data were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and P < .05 was considered significant. Decreased preload and afterload were present in septic calves, as indicated by marked decreases in BP, LVEDVI, LVESVI, SVI, CI, EPSS when compared to healthy calves. Systolic function appeared adequate in septic calves, based on EF and FS compared to control calves. There was no difference in heart rate, LVET, PEP:LVET, or Vcf between septic and health calves. We conclude that circulatory dysfunction, rather than systolic dysfunction predominates in septic calves. Positive associations on admission between CI and LVEDVI, LVESVI, and SVI support this conclusion. Echocardiographic determination of LVEDVI and CI appears useful in directing treatment in septic calves.Öğe Effect of Suckling Isotonic or Hypertonic Solutions of Sodium Bicarbonate or Glucose on Abomasal Emptying Rate in Calves(Amer Veterinary Medical Assoc, 2006) Şen, İsmail; Constable, Peter D.; Marshall, Tessa S.Objective-To determine and compare the abomasal emptying rates in calves suckling milk replacer or an isotonic or hypertonic solution of NaHCO3 or glucose. Animals-5 male Holstein-Friesian calves that were < 30 days of age. Procedures-Calves were fed 2 L of milk replacer or isotonic (300 mOsm/L) or hypertonic (600 mOsm/L) solutions of NaHCO3 or glucose containing acetaminophen (50 mg/kg). Venous blood samples and transabdominal ultrasonographic abomasal dimensions were obtained periodically after feeding, and abomasal luminal pH was continuously monitored by placement of a luminal pH electrode through an abomasal cannula. Abomasal emptying rate was assessed by the time to maximal plasma acetaminophen concentration, ultrasonographic determination of the half-time of abomasal emptying, and the time for luminal pH to return to within 1 pH unit of the preprandial value. Results-Hypertonic NaHCO3 solution was emptied slower than an isotonic NaHCO3 solution, isotonic glucose solution was emptied slower than an isotonic NaHCO3 solution, and hypertonic glucose solution emptied slower than an isotonic glucose solution. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-An electrolyte solution for oral administration with a high osmolarity and glucose concentration may lead to a slower resuscitation of dehydrated diarrheic calves because such solutions decrease the abomasal emptying rate and therefore the rate of solution delivery to the small intestine. Whether slowing of the abomasal emptying rate in dehydrated diarrheic calves suckling an oral electrolyte solution is clinically important remains to be determined.Öğe Effects of syringe type and storage conditions on results of equine blood gas and acid-base analysis(AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC, 2012) Kennedy, Sarah A.; Constable, Peter D.; Sen, Ismail; Couetil, LaurentObjective-To determine effects of syringe type and storage conditions on blood gas and acid-base values for equine blood samples. Sample-Blood samples obtained from 8 healthy horses. Procedures-Heparinized jugular venous blood was equilibrated via a tonometer at 37 degrees C with 12% O-2 and 5% CO2. Aliquots (3 mL) of tonometer-equilibrated blood were collected in random order by use of a glass syringe (GS), general-purpose polypropylene syringe (GPPS), or polypropylene syringe designed for blood gas analysis (PSBGA) and stored in ice water (0 degrees C) or at room temperature (22 degrees C) for 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, or 120 minutes. Blood pH was measured, and blood gas analysis was performed; data were analyzed by use of multivariable regression analysis. Results-Blood Po-2 remained constant for the reference method (GS stored at 0 degrees C) but decreased linearly at a rate of 7.3 mm Hg/h when stored in a GS at 22 degrees C. In contrast, Po-2 increased when blood was stored at 0 degrees C in a GPPS and PSBGA or at 22 degrees C in a GPPS; however, Po-2 did not change when blood was stored at 22 degrees C in a PSBGA. Calculated values for plasma concentration of HCO3 and total CO2 concentration remained constant in the 3 syringe types when blood was stored at 22 degrees C for 2 hours but increased when blood was stored in a GS or GPPS at 0 degrees C. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Blood samples for blood gas and acid-base analysis should be collected into a GS and stored at 0 degrees C or collected into a PSBGA and stored at room temperature. (Am J Vet Res 2012;73:979-987)Öğe Efficacy of oral rehydration therapy solutions containing sodium bicarbonate or sodium acetate for treatment of calves with naturally acquired diarrhea, moderate dehydration, and strong ion acidosis(AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC, 2009) Sen, Ismail; Altunok, Vahdettin; Ok, Mahmut; Coskun, Alparslan; Constable, Peter D.Objective-To determine and compare the effects of 4 oral replacement therapy (ORT) solutions on acid-base balance, abomasal emptying rate, and plasma volume expansion in calves with naturally acquired diarrhea and moderate dehydration. Design-Prospective study. Animals-20 calves. Procedures-20 calves up to 45 days of age were randomly allocated (n = 5/group) to receive 2 L of 1 of 4 treatments via oroesophageal intubation: sodium bicarbonate (150 mmol/L or 300 mmol/L) or sodium acetate (150 mmol/L or 300 mmol/L). The 4 test solutions contained acetaminophen (50 mg/kg [22.7 mg/lb]) and 50 g of glucose monohydrate. Jugular venous blood samples were obtained periodically before and after administration of the ORT solution. Abomasal emptying rate was determined by use of the time to maximal plasma acetaminophen concentration. Results-Plasma bicarbonate concentration increased more rapidly in calves administered bicarbonate-containing ORT solutions, whereas the rate of systemic alkalinization, as assessed via blood pH, did not differ consistently among treatments. The 300 mmol/L ORT solutions were emptied at a significantly slower rate from the abomasum than 150 mmol/L ORT solutions, with no difference in emptying rate between acetate and bicarbonate-containing ORT solutions of similar molality. The 300 mmol/L sodium acetate ORT solution significantly increased plasma volume. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Clinically important differences in the resuscitative response to 300 mmol/L or 150 mmol/L ORT solutions of sodium acetate or sodium bicarbonate were not identified. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009;234:926-934)Öğe Evidence-Based Use of Prokinetic Drugs for Abomasal Disorders in Cattle(W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC, 2012) Constable, Peter D.; Nouri, Mohammad; Sen, Ismail; Baird, Aubrey N.; Wittek, ThomasAbomasal hypomotility is a prerequisite for abomasal displacement in cattle and is present immediately after surgical correction of left displaced abomasunn or abomasal volvulus. Hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, and hyperinsulinemia should be corrected in cattle suspected to have abomasal hypomotility. The most effective prokinetic for calves and adult cattle suspected to have abomasal hypomotility is erythromycin.Öğe General overview to treatment of strong ion (metabolic) acidosis in neonatal calves with diarrhea(Selçuk Üniversitesi Veterinerlik Fakültesi, 2013) Sen, Ismail; Constable, Peter D.Neonatal buzağı ishallerine bir veya birden daha fazla etken neden olabilir. İshalli buzağılarda strong ion (metabolic) asidozis yaygın olarak gözükür. Strong ion asidozisle ilişkili klinik semptomlar spesifik olmayıp belirsizdir. Fakat strong ion asidozisin şiddetinin tahmininde buzağının yaşı göz önünde bulundurulabilir. Çünkü aynı klinik bulgulara sahip buzağılardan yaşamının ilk haftasındaki buzağılar, bir haftalıktan büyük buzağılara kıyasla daha az asidemiktir. Ayrıca emme refleksi ile baz açığı değeri arasında yakın ilişki bulunmaktadır. Buzağılarda ishalle ilişkili ölümün azaltılmasında en önemli faktörlerden biri uygun oral veya intravenöz sıvıların kullanılmasıdır. Sistemik metabolik asidozisisi düzeltmek için uygun alkalize ajanların kullanılması gerekmektedir. Bikarbonat kandaki H+ iyonu ile direk reaksiyona girdiğinden dolayı, bikarbonat içeren intravenöz sıvılar şiddetli asideminin düzeltilmesinde oldukça etkilidir. Laktatlı ringer veya asetatlı ringer solüsyonlar ise hafiforta derecede metabolik asidozisi düzeltmede tercih edilir.Öğe General overview to treatment of strong ion (metabolic) acidosis in neonatal calves with diarrhea(2013) Şen, İsmail; Constable, Peter D.Neonatal buzağı ishallerine bir veya birden daha fazla etken neden olabilir. İshalli buzağılarda strong ion (metabolic) asidozis yaygın olarak gözükür. Strong ion asidozisle ilişkili klinik semptomlar spesifik olmayıp belirsizdir. Fakat strong ion asidozisin şiddetinin tahmininde buzağının yaşı göz önünde bulundurulabilir. Çünkü aynı klinik bulgulara sahip buzağılardan yaşamının ilk haftasındaki buzağılar, bir haftalıktan büyük buzağılara kıyasla daha az asidemiktir. Ayrıca emme refleksi ile baz açığı değeri arasında yakın ilişki bulunmaktadır. Buzağılarda ishalle ilişkili ölümün azaltılmasında en önemli faktörlerden biri uygun oral veya intravenöz sıvıların kullanılmasıdır. Sistemik metabolik asidozisisi düzeltmek için uygun alkalize ajanların kullanılması gerekmektedir. Bikarbonat kandaki H iyonu ile direk reaksiyona girdiğinden dolayı, bikarbonat içeren intravenöz sıvılar şiddetli asideminin düzeltilmesinde oldukça etkilidir. Laktatlı ringer veya asetatlı ringer solüsyonlar ise hafiforta derecede metabolik asidozisi düzeltmede tercih edilir.
