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Öğe 3.5 d temperature model of a coal stockpile(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2008) Ozdeniz, A. H.; Corumluoglu, O.; Kalayci, I.; Sensogut, C.Overproduced coal mines that are not sold should remain in coal stock sites. If these coal stockpiles remain at the stock yards over a certain period of time, a spontaneous combustion can be started. Coal stocks under combustion threat can cost too much economically to coal companies. Therefore, it is important to take some precautions for saving the stockpiles from the spontaneous combustion. In this research, a coal stock which was 5 m wide, 10 m long, and 3 m in height, with a weight of 120 tons, was monitored to observe internal temperature changes with respect to time under normal atmospheric conditions. Internal temperature measurements were obtained at 20 points distributed all over the two layers in the stockpile. Temperatures measured by a specially designed mechanism were then stored into a computer every 3 h for a period of 3 months. Afterward, this dataset was used to delineate 3.5 D temporal temperature distribution models for these two levels, and they were used to analyze and interpret what was seen in these models to derive some conclusions. It was openly seen, followed, and analyzed that internal temperature changes in the stockpile went up to 31 degrees C by 3.5 D models created for this research.Öğe The Relationship Between the Natural Compaction and the Spontaneous Combustion of Industrial-scale Coal Stockpiles(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2011) Ozdeniz, A. H.; Corumluoglu, O.; Kalayci, I.The companies necessarily store their coal needs in their stock areas in which stock fires occur due to long stay periods of coals and cause serious damages in terms of the economy and environment. In this study, in order to determine the conditions by which spontaneous combustion occurs due to long stays of coals under natural weather conditions, an industrial-scale coal stockpile was formed with 10-18 mm coal grain sizes. Temperature measurements were recorded by using temperature sensors placed at certain locations inside the stockpile. At the same time, the effects of atmospheric conditions on the stockpile were investigated by continuously measuring the values of weather temperature, weather humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind velocity, and direction that are the factors affecting these stockpiles. Stockpiles tend to be faced with compaction due to the gravitational effect under long-term stays and the vibrations resulting from the huge machines working closer to the stockpiles. For the purpose of measuring the magnitude of the compaction, digital photographs were taken at certain periods and then processed photogrammetrically using terrestrial photogrammetry software. Afterward, the relationship between the calculated compaction rate and the spontaneous combustion was determined.Öğe The use of GPSSIT (GPS virtual station technique) with total station for the measurement of details in residential areas(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2007) Corumluoglu, O.; Kalayci, I.GPS become one of the most important tools used in several surveying missions during last one and half decade. It is confidently and intensively used in several surveying tasks from establishment of precise geodetic control networks to the measurement of features and details on land. To fulfill those tasks, there are several techniques that GPS suggests and are available to be used according to the required precision and the requirements of special applications. Under this concept, these GPS techniques can be stated as static, kinematic, semi-kinematic and on the other hand, with respect to the special precision requirements of different applications, they can also be stated as relative, absolute and DGPS techniques. Even if GPS ease the surveying processes for these applications when we use GPS, GPS can some times put forward some limitations. Therefore, it can be said here that GPS has still some difficulties and limitations especially when GPS signals are blocked by some obstacles such as buildings in urban areas. Therefore, one can experience with those cases frequently during the detail measurements in an urban area. Tall buildings, trees and etc in an urban environment can be the main constraints that can cause those GPS signal blockages. Here in this paper, it is argued if a technique is available and allows us to use GPS even for measuring those urban details without worrying about GPS signal blockages. GPSSIT is a technique that can provide this opportunity. So, any measurement process which uses GPS to collect details in an open land by utilizing GPS measurement method that does not need established control into the ground, can be carried out even in residential areas without worrying about the established ground controls. The paper introduces the technique and shows the test results with a standard deviation of +/- 4.84 cm obtained from the test carried out in the campus area of Selcuk University.