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    Does Botox effect neural tube development in early chick embryos?
    (SPRINGER, 2007) Eser, Olcay; Yaman, Mehmet; Cosar, Emine; Konak, Abdullah; Cosar, Murat; Sahin, Oender; Gueney, Oender
    Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a potent neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum and has wide usage in different areas. The current study aimed to analyze the effects of C. botulinum toxin on the central nerve system in chick embryos. Forty fertile Hubbard Broil eggs, all at Stage 8 of development, were divided into four equal groups: Group 1 embryos (n=10), the control group, were explanted and grown for 18 h in a nutrient medium (thin albumin). Group 2 embryos (n=10) were grown in medium containing 5 U BTX, Group 3 embryos (n=10) in a medium containing 10 U BTX and Group 4 embryos (n=10) in medium containing 20 U BTX. After the incubation period, 80% of Group 1 and 2 embryos and 90% of Group 3 and 4 embryos had intact neural tubes (P > 0.05). The results of this study suggest that BTX had no additional effect on neural tube development in early chick embryos.
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    The protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid in experimental ovarian ischaemia-reperfusion injury
    (BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, 2007) Cosar, Emine; Sahin, Figen Kir; Koken, Guelenguel; Toy, Hatice; Basarali, Kemal; Buyukbas, Sadik
    We investigated the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (LA) on reperfusion injury in a rat ovarian torsion-detorsion model. The changes in tissue and plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), end-product of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), xanthine oxidase (XO) and nitric oxide (NO), were determined. Ovarian histopathological findings were scored and compared among groups. Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Sham operation was performed in group I; in group II only ovarian torsion was performed. Group III received intraperitoneal injections of saline, and group IV received LA via intraperitoneal injections (LA group: aqueous solution at 36 mg/kg of body weight per day, saline group: equal volume of saline) 21, nine, and one hour before torsion of the ovary. Rats in the torsion group were killed after 360 degrees clockwise adnexial torsion for three hours, and ovaries were harvested. After three hours of adnexial detorsion, the rats in saline group and LA group were killed and adnexa were surgically removed. Ovarian tissue damage scores were significantly different among groups and were seen to correlate with tissue MDA levels. Ovarian tissue and serum MDA, NO and serum XO levels in the group III were significantly higher than those of the groups I and IV (P < 0.05). The serum levels of SOD in the group III were significantly lower than those of the groups I and IV (P < 0.05). These results suggest that LA pretreatment has beneficial effects in the prevention of ischaemia-reperfusion injury of the ovaries.
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    Protective effect of aprotinin on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat ovary
    (WILEY, 2008) Sahin, Figen Kir; Cosar, Emine; Koken, Gulengul; Toy, Hatice; Basarali, Kemal; Buyukbas, Sadik
    Aim: We investigated the effects of aprotinin on reperfusion injury in a controlled experimental rat torsion-detorsion model. Methods: Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Sham operation was performed in group I; in group II only ovarian torsion was performed. In group III, torsion-detorsion was performed, plus 3 mL/kg saline was injected i.v. 30 min before detorsion. In group IV, torsion-detorsion was performed, plus aprotinin (30 000 KIU/kg) was injected 30 min before detorsion. Rats in the torsion group were killed after 360 degrees clockwise adnexial torsion for 3 h, and the ovaries were harvested. After 3 h of adnexial detorsion, the rats in the saline and aprotinin groups were killed and the adnexa were surgically removed. Results: Ovarian tissue damage scores were significantly different among groups. Ovarian tissue and serum malondialdehyde levels in group III were significantly higher than those of groups I and IV (P < 0.05). The serum levels of superoxide dismutase in group III were significantly lower than those of groups I and IV (P = 0.01). Tissue and serum xanthine oxidase, nitric oxide, and tissue superoxide dismutase levels were comparable among groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Aprotinin attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat adnexial torsion-detorsion model.