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Öğe Effects of dietary glycerol addition on growth performance, carcass traits and fatty acid distribution in cloacal fat in broiler chickens(ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2012) Sehu, A.; Kucukersan, S.; Coskun, B.; Koksal, B. H.; Citil, O. B.The effects of dietary inclusion of methanol free glycerol as biodiesel byproduct at 5% or 10% were examined on weight growth, carcass traits and fatty acid distribution of cloacal fat in broiler chickens. For this aim, a total of 270 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly divided into 3 equal groups according to the glycerol amounts included into diets [0% (control group fed with basal diets), 5% and 10%] for 42 days. Growth parameters (body weights, weight gains), food consumption and efficiency were weekly evaluated and carcass traits (carcass yield, intestinal pH, relative weights of heart, spleen, liver, stomach, gizzard and cloacal fat) as well as the fatty acid distribution in cloacal fat were determined at the end of the trial. Weight growth was significantly increased in treated birds, particularly in those supplemented with 5% glycerol. The glycerol supplementation has slightly improved food efficiency especially at the 4th week at the level of 5% (P < 0.05) and the carcass traits, particularly the relative weights of heart, liver and gizzard (P < 0.05). By contrast, cloacal fat composition in fatty acids was not modified by the glycerol dietary inclusion. These results show that glycerol may be incorporated into broiler diets at least at 5% without compromising growth and carcass traits.Öğe The effects of roughage type on the daily patterns of feed intake and eating behaviour in young sheep(ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2013) Polat, E. S.; Coskun, B.; Gurbuz, E.; Balevi, T.The effects of roughage type on the daily patterns of feed intake and eating behaviour were investigated in young sheep, individually housed. A total of 24 young sheep were allotted in 4 equal groups according to the roughage type (barley straw, corn silage, alfalfa hay and sugar beet pulp) distributed ad libitum 6 times a day in 4 hours meal intervals. Roughage intake and eating behaviour were analysed using a camera recording system for 24 hours for 7 days. The intake of barley straw (characterized by the highest crude fiber and NDF contents) was significantly depressed compared to the other roughages leading to a significantly decreased body weight and sheep spent significantly less time and low frequently eating and they have presented significantly longer resting periods than others. Sheep have eaten significantly more alfalfa hay (crude fiber: 30.1% and NDF: 50.0%) than the other roughages, have spent frequently and long time eating and have rested frequently. In the group fed with sugar beet pulp (crude fiber: 17.5% and NDF: 46.0%), animals have preferred shorter but more frequent meals than with corn silage (crude fiber: 25.2% and NDF: 64.0%) and alfalfa hay including after midnight whereas sheep from the other groups were sleeping. These results show that the NDF and moisture contents of the roughage directly affected the ingestibility leading to some changes in the eating behaviour, particularly in the frequency and quantity of meals and in the duration of resting periods.Öğe Nutrient composition of mistletoe (Viscum album) and its nutritive value for ruminant animals(SPRINGER, 2007) Umucalilar, H. Derya; Guelsen, N.; Coskun, B.; Hayirli, A.; Dural, H.Mistletoe (Viscum album L. subsp. album) is known as an obligatory hemiparasite of trees and is consumed by herbivores in some places, especially during periods of forage shortage and drought. This experiment was conducted to determine nutrient composition and nutritive value of mistletoe with respect to vegetation stage. Mistletoe samples were collected from three different tree species [almond (Amygdalus communis L.), plum (Prunus domestica L.), and willow (Salix alba L.)] at three different vegetation stages (April, July, October) naturally growing in Central Turkey. Five samples were taken at each vegetation stage for each tree species. The samples were incubated in rumens of two 2-year old fistulated Holstein cows. Nutrient data and nutritive value indices were subjected to 2-way ANOVA using the GLM procedure. Crude protein and NDF concentrations and metabolisable energy level of the samples were in the ranges of 52.5-68.6, 291-330, and 7.8-8.4 MJ kg(-1)supercript stop DM, respectively. There were also significant differences in DM, crude ash, Fe, Cu, and Zn levels among trees. As the vegetation progressed, there were linear decreases in DM, CP, and NDF and linear increases in ADF, Ca, Cu, and Zn levels. There were significant interaction effects for tree species by vegetation stage in terms of DM, ADF, and Zn. In vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility coefficients were between 0.84 and 0.87 and between 0.52 and 0.55, respectively. It was also observed that degradation of V. album was almost completed after the first 48 h. The soluble and readily degraded portion of DM (fraction "a") increased, whereas the insoluble but degradable portion of DM (fraction "b") decreased with advancing vegetation stage. Effective degradability of dry matter (EDDM) also increased significantly as the vegetation progressed. Gas production from fraction "b" varied by tree species and the stage of vegetation. A significant interaction of tree species by vegetation effects on EDDM and gas production was also noted. After 48 h, cumulative gas production and fraction "b" ranged from 52.71 ml to 58.85 ml and from 48.8 ml to 75.4 ml, respectively. In general, the mistletoe was low in protein, moderate in fibre, and high in minerals. In conclusion, as long as a lack of deleterious effects on health and performance is shown in feeding trials, mistletoe has potential to be used as a dietary component in ruminant feeding.
