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Combination of Cysteamine and Lipoic Acid Improves the Post-Thawed Bull Sperm Parameters
(2016) Güngör, Şükrü; Aksoy, Adil; Yeni, Deniz; Avdatek, Fatih; Öztürk, Caner; Ataman, Mehmet Bozkurt; Coyan, Kenan
Sunulan çalışmada sisteamin, trehaloz, alfa-lipoik asit ve bu antioksidan kombinasyonlarının, çözüm sonu boğa spermasında spermatolojik ve oksidatif stres parametreleri üzerine koruyucu etkinliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Beş adet sağlıklı holştayn (3-4 yaşlarında) ırkı boğa kullanıldı. Çalışmada kullanılan her boğadan 8 ejakülat alındı. Alınan ejakülatlar miks yapılarak 37 C'de 7 eşit hacme bölündükten sonra, sisteamin 2 mM, trehaloz 50 mM, alfa-lipoik asit (ALA) 1 mM, sisteamin 2 mM trehaloz 50 mM, ALA 1 mM trehaloz 50 mM, sisteamin 2 mM ALA 1 mM ve antioksidan içermeyen (kontrol) temel sulandırıcı ile sulandırılarak 5 C'de soğutulmasının ardından donduruldu. Dondurulan payetler su banyosunda çözdürülerek değerlendirildi. Sisteamin 2 mM ALA 1 mM kombinasyonunu içeren sperma sulandırıcısının çözüm sonu subjektif (% 68 2.7) ve progresif motilite (% 42.9 4.7) oranları üzerine kontrol gruplarına kıyasla (% 61 4.2 ve % 37.5 8) olumlu etkinliği gözlenirken istatiksel olarak fark önemsiz bulundu (P 0.05). Sisteamin 2 mM ALA 1 mM kombinasyonu içeren sperma sulandırıcı grubu akrozom bütünlüğü ve mitokondriyal aktivite oranları (% 52.02 6.4 ve % 32 4.1) kontrol gruplarına (% 30.5 1.7 ve % 14.02 3.5) göre istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek bulundu (P 0.05). Dondurulmuş çözdürülmüş boğa sperma sulandırıcılarına eklenen sisteamin ve ALA kombinasyonu spermatozoon motilitesine, akrozom bütünlüğüne ve mitokondriyal aktivite bütünlüğüne katkı sağladı.
Effect of sildenafil (viagra (r)) on penile erection and semen volume and characteristics in kangal dogs
(KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2009) Coyan, Kenan; Ataman, M. Bozkurt; Ozkalp, Birol; Tepeli, Cafer
In this study, the effects of sildenafil administration on penile erection and semen volume and characteristics in Kangal dogs were studied. A total of 5 Kangal dogs, aging 3-6 years, and with a known fertility were used. In each application, sildenafil was administered orally at a dosage of 50 mg, 60 minutes prior to semen collection. Semen was collected 12 times at 3-day intervals by digital manipulation. After collected, semen was examined for volume (first, second, and third fractions), ejaculation time, and spermatological characteristics. Dogs were rested for 3 weeks after the last semen collection. Following the rest period, semen collection was experienced 12 times at 3-day intervals by digital manipulation without sildenafil application. Sildenafil administration enhanced the volume of the second and third fractions, compared to the non-sildenafil group (1.1 ml versus 0.7 ml and 11 ml versus 6 ml, respectively, P<0.05), and increased the total ejaculation time (11.8 minutes versus 7 minutes, P<0.05). On the other hand, there were no significant differences between the sildenafil and non-sildenafil groups for spermatological characteristics (P>0.05). As a conclusion, sildenafil could be used in dogs, having problems in response to digital manipulation, for penile erection and successful semen collection.
The effects of curcumin, ellagic acid and methionine on post-thawed Merino rams sperm parameters
(FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL, 2014) Omur, Ali; Coyan, Kenan; Ozturk, Caner; Gungor, Sukru; Bucak, Mustafa
[Abstract not Available]
Effects of cysteine and ergothioneine on post-thawed Merino ram sperm and biochemical parameters
(ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2011) Coyan, Kenan; Başpınar, Nuri; Bucak, Mustafa Numan; Akalın, Pınar Peker
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of cysteine and ergothioneine on the post-thawed sperm parameters, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activities. Semen samples from 5 mature Merino rams were used in the study. Semen samples, which were diluted with a Tris-based extender containing L-Cysteine and L-(+)-Ergothioneine and no antioxidant (control), were cooled to 5 degrees C and frozen in 0.25 ml French straws. Frozen straws were then thawed individually at 37 degrees C for 20 s in a water bath for evaluation. Ergothioneine at doses of 2 and 4 mM increased percentages of subjective motility, VSL and VCL, compared to controls following the freeze-thawing (P < 0.001). Ergothioneine at three different doses led to higher rates of progressive motility and VAP, compared to control groups (P < 0.001). Cysteine and ergothioneine at three doses provided the higher rates of ALH, in comparison to no antioxidant group (P < 0.001). As regards CASA motility, supplementation with antioxidants did not provide any significant difference on the percentage of post-thaw sperm CASA motilities, in comparison to the control. In regards of sperm membrane integrity, only cysteine 1 mM provided a greater protective effect, compared to control (P < 0.001). Percentages of sperm with high mitochondrial activity were dramatically increased with cysteine at doses of 1 and 2 mM, compared to control (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in sperm acrosome integrities among groups. CAT activity was increased significantly only in cysteine1 mM compared to control group (P < 0.001). Cysteine at doses of 2 and 4 mM showed a tendency of increased activities of CAT when compared to control. But these increases were not statistically significant. Supplementation with antioxidants did not significantly affect activities of SOD and GPx. Findings of this study showed that ergothioneine supplementation in semen extenders, was of greater benefit to motility and motion characteristics of frozen-thawed ram sperm. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Effects of dithioerythritol on ram semen after the freeze-thawing process
(ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2011) Baspinar, Nuri; Coyan, Kenan; Bucak, Mustafa Numan; Tuncer, Purhan Barbaros
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dithioerythritol added to cryopreservation extender on the post-thawed sperm parameters, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activities of Merino ram sperm. Semen samples from 5 mature Merino rams (1 and 2 years of age) were used in the study. Semen samples, which were diluted with a Tris-based extender containing 0.5, 1, and 2 mM dithiothreitol and no antioxidant (control), were cooled to 5 degrees C and frozen in 0.25 ml French straws. Frozen straws were then thawed individually at 37 degrees C for 20s in a water bath for evaluation. The addition of dithioerythritol at 0.5 and 2 mM doses led to higher percentages of subjective motility (62.9 +/- 4.2% and 63.6 +/- 1.8%) compared to control (52.0 +/- 4.9%, P < 0.05). As regards CASA motility, dithioerythritol 0.25 and 2 mM (60.2 +/- 4.5% and 59.6 +/- 1.2%) groups were higher from that of control (44.2 +/- 8.7%, P < 0.05). For the CASA progressive motility, 0.25, 0.5 and 2 mM doses of dithioerythritol (22.0 +/- 2.1%, 21.7 +/- 2.5% and 24.0 +/- 1.2%) had increasing effect in comparison to control (15.0 +/- 2.5%). Dithioerythritol at 1 and 2 mM doses for ALH provided higher values compared to the control (P < 0.001) following the freeze-thawing process. Supplementation with dithiothreitol did not significantly affect the integrities of sperm membrane and acrosome, and mitochondrial activities. No significant differences were observed in biochemical parameters among the groups (P > 0.05). Findings of this study showed that dithioerythritol supplementation in semen extenders, was of greater benefit to sperm motility of frozen-thawed ram sperm. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Effects of hypotaurine, cysteamine and aminoacids solution on post-thaw microscopic and oxidative stress parameters of Angora goat semen
(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2009) Bucak, Mustafa Numan; Tuncer, Puerhan Barbaros; Sariozkan, Serpil; Ulutas, Pinar Alkim; Coyan, Kenan; Baspinar, Nuri; Ozkalp, Birol
This study was conducted to determine the effects of cysteamine, hypotaurine and aminoacids solution (BME) on standard semen parameters, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activities of Angora goat semen after the freeze-thawing process. Ejaculates collected from four Angora goats were evaluated and pooled at 37 degrees C. Semen samples, which were diluted with a Tris-based extender containing the antioxidants hypotaurine (5 mM) and cysteamine (5 mM), and an aminoacid solution (13%), and an extender containing no antioxidants (control), were cooled to 5 degrees C and frozen in 0.25-ml French straws in liquid nitrogen. Frozen straws were thawed individually at 37 degrees C for 20 s in a water bath for evaluation. Supplementation with cysteamine, hypotaurine and BME caused significant (P < 0.05) increases in sperm motility, and significant (P < 0.05) decreases in total abnormality rates in comparison to the control group. While all in vitro treatments did not affect the acrosomal abnormality rates, hypotaurine and BME but not cysteamine significantly (P < 0.05) increased the HOST results as compared to the control group. Supplementation with antioxidants and BME did not significantly affect MDA levels and CAT activity in comparison to the control group (P > 0.05). The antioxidants hypotaurine and cysteamine decreased SOD activity when compared to the BME group and controls (P < 0.001). (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effects of ultrasonication on damaged spermatozoa and mitochondrial activity rate
(SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY-TUBITAK, 2016) Peker Akalin, Pinar; Baspinar, Nuri; Coyan, Kenan; Bucak, Mustafa Numan; Gungor, Sukru; Ozturk, Caner
The aim of this study was to describe an optimal sonication procedure for sperm cells. Therefore, we used several parameters such as damaged spermatozoa rate (%), mitochondrial activity rate (%), levels of lipid peroxidation, and total antioxidant potential. Ejaculates were collected from rams (n = 3) and were divided into aliquots and 3-, 6-, and 10-s duration times; 1, 3, 5, and 8 repetitive application groups were established. In the groups with 3-, 6- and 10-s duration times, with the increasing number of repeated applications, damaged spermatozoa rates increased (P < 0.05) while mitochondrial activity rates decreased (P < 0.05). In relation with sonication duration time, total antioxidant potential levels increased (P < 0.05) in single-application groups compared to those in control groups and gradually decreased as the repetitions increased. The most effective results were obtained in the group with 8 repetitions and 10-s duration based on damaged spermatozoa rate and mitochondrial activity rate.
Ergothioneine attenuates the DNA damage of post-thawed Merino ram sperm
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2012) Coyan, Kenan; Bucak, Mustafa Numan; Baspinar, Nuri; Taspinar, Mehmet; Aydos, Sena
The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of antioxidant ergothioneine added to cryopreservation extender on the DNA integrity of Merino ram sperm. Semen samples from 5 mature Merino rams (1 and 2 years of age) were used in the study. Semen samples, which were diluted with a Tris-based extender containing ergothioneine at different concentrations and no antioxidant (control), were cooled to 5 degrees C and frozen in 0.25 ml French straws. Frozen straws were then thawed at 37 degrees C for 20s in a water bath for evaluation of sperm DNA damage using the Comet test. The addition of ergothioneine at concentrations of 1, 2 and 4 mM resulted in lower sperm with damaged DNA (5.4, 4.7 and 3.2%, respectively) than that of control (7.9%), thus reducing the DNA damage (P<0.01). Findings of this study showed that the increasing concentrations of ergothioneine in semen extenders, were of greater benefit to DNA integrity of frozen-thawed ram sperm. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Esterified glucomannan improves aflatoxin-induced damage of sperm parameters during liquid storage of ram semen at 5 degrees C
(ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2014) Ataman, Mehmet Bozkurt; Bucak, Mustafa Numan; Coyan, Kenan
The aim of the present work was to study the effects of aflatoxin (AF) on sperm parameters in rams, and to determine the protective efficiency of esterified glucomannan (EG) co-administered with AF up to 96 h of the liquid storage of ram semen at 5 degrees C. Thirty-two Merino rams (12-14 months old) were used. The animals were examined for their general health status. To ensure their adaptation to the environment and the new feeding regimen, a 15-day acclimatization programme was applied to the animals, prior to the start of the study. Experimental feeding was continued for ninety-two days. The experimental design consisted of four dietary treatments. The control group (C) was fed with commercial feed. The AF group was fed with commercial feed plus 250 mu g/day of total AF. The EG group received commercial feed plus 2 g/day of EG. The AF + EG group was given commercial feed plus 250 mu g/day of total AF and 2 g/day of EG. In the study, ejaculates were obtained from rams twice a week for 12 weeks, using an electro-ejaculator. After collected, the ejaculates were diluted with a skimmed milk extender, and stored at 5 degrees C. Sperm motility and rates of abnormal and nonviable spermatozoa were determined for the different treatment groups at 5 degrees C at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of liquid storage. During the first two weeks of the trial, the groups did not statistically differ from each other for sperm motility or rates of abnormal and nonviable spermatozoa at 0, 24, 48 and 96 h of storage. As from the third week, the short-term storage of semen produced statistically significant differences between the AF group and the other treatment groups for sperm parameters (p < 0.05). The administration of aflatoxin was observed to have reduced sperm motility and to have increased the rates of abnormal and nonviable spermatozoa in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05), while EG co-administered with AF was determined to have ameliorated the adverse effects of AF on sperm parameters, and this ameliorative effect continued throughout the short-term storage of semen. On the other hand, aflatoxin administration resulted in the deterioration of the sperm parameters in the following weeks, and the combined administration of EG + AF reversed this adverse effect, thus, bringing the sperm parameters closer to the values of the control group. This study demonstrated that, in rams, AF adversely affected sperm, biochemical and testis parameters, and that the combined administration of EG and AF reversibly improved these adverse effects. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Influence of lycopene and cysteamine on sperm and oxidative stress parameters during liquid storage of ram semen at 5 degrees C
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2016) Peker Akalin, Pinar; Bucak, Mustafa Numan; Gungor, Sukru; Baspinar, Nuri; Coyan, Kenan; Dursun, Sukru; Ili, Pinar
Ejaculates were collected from six Merino rams with the aid of an artificial vagina twice a week. The ejaculates containing spermatozoa with >80% forward progressive motility and concentrations higher than 2 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml were pooled. The present study included two experiments. In experiment 1, each pooled ejaculate was divided into four equal aliquots and diluted (37 degrees C) with the Tris based extender, containing 0 (control), 0.5, 1 and 2 mM lycopene, at a final concentration of approximately 400 x 10(6) sperms/ml (single step dilution), In experiment 2, cysteamine at concentrations of 0 (control), 0.5,1 and 2 mM, was used as an additive in the extender, and the procedure explained above was applied for the division of aliquots and the dilution of semen. Diluted semen samples were kept in glass tubes and cooled from 37 degrees to 5 degrees C in a cold cabinet, and maintained at 5 degrees C. Sperm and oxidative stress parameters were evaluated after 0, 24, 48 and 72 h of storage at 5 degrees C. The extender supplemented with 0.5 mM lycopene resulted in higher mitochondrial activity rate (p<0.05) in comparison to the control group at 72 h of storage. Lycopene at 0.5 mM dose led to higher sperm motility rate (p<0.05) when compared to 2 mM lycopene group at 72 h of liquid storage. As regards oxidative stress parameters, only 2 mM lycopene increased total glutathione levels (p<0.05) at 0 h of storage. The extender supplemented with 1 mM cysteamine gave higher motility (p<0.05) at 48 h compared to control. As regards oxidative stress parameters, 1 and 2 mM cysteamine at 48 h and 1 mM cysteamine at 72 h increased total glutathione levels (p<0.05) compared to control groups. Cysteamine at 1 and 2 mM doses decreased lipid peroxidation (p<0.05) at 0 h of liquid storage compared to control. Our data suggest that lycopene at 0.5 and 2 mM and cysteamine at 1 and 2 mM doses can be added to Tris based extender for improving the ram sperm motility, viability, mitochondrial activity and oxidative stress parameters during the liquid storage. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Investigation of conception rates achieved with the transfer of sexed and unsexed bovine embryos
(SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY-TUBITAK, 2014) Karasahin, Tahir; Akyol, Numan; Satilmis, Muharrem; Kizil, Sedat Hamdi; Bucak, Mustafa Numan; Coyan, Kenan
The objective of this study was to investigate the conception rates achieved with the transfer of in-vivo derived sexed and unsexed Holstein bovine embryos to appropriate recipients and to determine the accuracy of nonelectrophoretic PCR sexing. Seven-day-old embryos were derived in vivo by the nonsurgical flushing of the uterus. Before being vitrified and frozen some of the embryos obtained were sexed, while others were not sexed and were maintained as the control group. After thawing, the sexed and unsexed embryos were transferred to 23 and 21 bovine recipients, respectively. The conception rates achieved with the transfer of the sexed and unsexed embryos were 30.4% (7/23) and 42.9% (9/21), respectively. The difference between conception rates achieved in the 2 groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). For the sexed embryos the conception rates achieved with the transfer of male and female embryos were 27.2% (3/11) and 33.3% (4/12), respectively The accuracy of embryo sexing with nonelectrophoretic PCR was 66.6% for male embryos and 100% for female embryos postdelivery. The mean rate of accuracy determined for embryo sexing at the end of the study was 83.33%.
Protective effect of esterified glucomannan on aflatoxin-induced changes in testicular function, sperm quality, and seminal plasma biochemistry in rams
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2014) Ataman, Mehmet Bozkurt; Donmez, Hasan Huseyin; Doenmez, Nurcan; Sur, Emrah; Bucak, Mustafa Numan; Coyan, Kenan
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aflatoxin (AF) on spermatologic, biochemical, and testis parameters in rams, and the protective efficiency of esterified glucomannan (EG) co-administered with AF. Thirty-two Merino rams (12-14 months old) were used. The experimental design consisted of four dietary treatments. The control group was fed commercial feed. The AF group was fed with commercial feed plus 250 mu g/d of total AF. The EG group received commercial feed plus 2 g/d of EG. The AF + EG group was given commercial feed plus 250 mu g/d of total AF and 2 g/d of EG. There were treatment, time, and treatment-by-time interaction effects on sperm motility, abnormal spermatozoa, damaged acrosome, and dead spermatozoa (P < 0.01). The percentage of motile sperm was lower and the percentages of abnormal sperm, sperm with damaged acrosomes, and dead sperm were greater in the AF group than in the control, AF+EG, and EG groups, as from week 3 until the end of week 12 (P < 0.05). As from week 3, hyaluronidase activity in the seminal plasma increased significantly in the AF group, compared with the control. The co-administration of AF+EG was found to be effective in preventing the increase in hyaluronidase activity. As week 4, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher in the AF group compared with the control. The combined administration of AF+EG was found to be effective in lowering the MDA levels, increased by AF, to the levels measured in the control (P < 0.05). Although glutathione (GSH) levels were determined to have significantly decreased in the AF group in comparison to the control, it was observed that, in the group co-administered with AF and EG, particularly after week 7, the GSH levels, which had decreased owing to AF, were largely ameliorated (P < 0.05). In conclusion, AF adversely affected spermatologic, biochemical, and testis parameters, and the combined administration of EG with AF reversibly eliminated these adverse effects in rams. Crown Copyright (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Raffinose and hypotaurine improve the post-thawed Merino ram sperm parameters
(ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2013) Bucak, Mustafa Numan; Keskin, Nazan; Taspinar, Mehmet; Coyan, Kenan; Baspinar, Nuri; Cenariu, Mihai C.; Bilgili, Ali
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of raffinose and hypotaurine on sperm parameters after the freeze-thawing of Merino ram sperm. Totally 40 ejaculates of five Merino ram were used in the study. Semen samples, which were diluted with a Tris-based extender containing 10 mM raffinose, 5 mM hypotaurine, 5 mM raffinose +2.5 mM hypotaurine (H + R) and no antioxidant (control), were cooled to 5 degrees C and frozen in 0.25 ml French straws and stored in liquid nitrogen. Frozen straws were then thawed individually at 37 degrees C for 25 s in a water bath for evaluation. The addition of raffinose led to higher percentages of subjective and CASA motilities (47.5 +/- 12.2%, 46.3 +/- 13.6%) compared to controls (38.8 +/- 13.8%, 30.5 +/- 11.7%, P < 0.05). For the CASA progressive motility, 5 mM raffinose (20.12 +/- 8.82%) had increasing effect in comparison to control (10 +/- 7.94%, P <0.05) following the freeze-thawing process. Raffinose and hypotaurine led to higher viability (40.8 +/- 4.68%, 40.8 +/- 4.7%), high sperm mitochondrial activity (29.5 +/- 5.4%, 27.3 +/- 4.9%) and acrosome integrity (50.8 +/- 8.1, 50.7 +/- 4.4) percentages, compared to control groups (31.5 +/- 3.5%, 9.5 +/- 8.2%, 42.8 +/- 7.3%, P < 0.05). H + R group only led to high sperm mitochondrial activity when compared to control group. In the comet test, raffinose and hypotaurine resulted in lower sperm with damaged DNA (6.2% and 3.9%) than that of control (9.1%), reducing the DNA damage. For TUNEL assay, The TUNEL-positive cell was distinguished by distinct nuclear staining. Raffinose and H + R groups resulted in lower sperm with TUNEL-positive cell (1.5 +/- 1.2% and 2.1 +/- 0.9%) than that of control (4.9 +/- 2.5%) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, findings of this study showed that raffinose and hypotaurine supplementation in semen extenders provided a better protection of sperm parameters against cryopreservation injury, in comparison to the control groups. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Relationship of blood and seminal plasma ceruloplasmin, copper, iron and cadmium concentrations with sperm quality in Merino rams
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2015) Akalın, Pınar Peker; Bülbül, Bülent; Coyan, Kenan; Başpınar, Nuri; Kırbaş, Mesut; Bucak, Mustafa Numan; Güngör, Şükrü
The aim of the current study was to investigate the concentrations of ceruloplasmin, copper, iron, zinc and cadmium concentrations in blood serum and seminal plasma obtained from Merino rams. In addition, their relationship with sperm parameters, fertility rate and litter size were also studied. Blood and ejaculate samples (6 replicates) were taken in October from 19 Merino rams, aged between 18 and 24 months. Ceruloplasmin, copper, iron, zinc and cadmium in blood serum and seminal plasma were determined. Sperm parameters including volume, mass motility, motility, concentration, Hos-test, viability, abnormal sperm and acrosome abnormality in semen, fertility rate and litter size were also evaluated. Highly positive correlation was found between blood ceruloplasmin and blood copper concentrations (r=0.812, p<0.001), whereas negative correlation were determined between these parameters in seminal plasma (r=0.195, p<0.05). Seminal plasma copper concentration was positively correlated with seminal plasma cadmium (r=0.206, p<0.05) and seminal plasma iron (r=0,305, p<0.01) concentrations. Negative correlation was determined between blood ceruloplasmin level and acrosomal defect (r=0.443, p<0.05). Seminal plasma ceruloplasmin level was positively correlated with volume (r=0.255, p<0.01) and negatively correlated with abnormal sperm (r=0.186, p=0.058) and acrosome abnormality (r=0.213, p<0.05). Seminal plasma iron concentration was positively correlated with other abnormality (r=0.257, p<0.01). Seminal plasma cadmium concentration was positively correlated with sperm abnormality (r=0.207,p=0.052) and other abnormality (r=0.262,p <0.05) and negatively correlated with fertility rate (r=0.449,p =0.054). Blood cadmium concentration was negatively correlated with litter size (r=0.579, 9<0.01). In conclusion, blood and seminal plasma ceruloplasmin may be suggested to have positive influence regardless of copper with its antioxidant property whereas iron and cadmium have negative influence on sperm parameters and fertility in Merino rams. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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