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Öğe The effect of dietary calcium concentration and particle size on performance, eggshell quality, bone mechanical properties and tibia mineral contents in moulted laying hens(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2011) Cufadar, Y.; Olgun, O.; Yildiz, A. O.1. A total of 72 H& N Brown Nick laying hens, 76 weeks of age (moulted at 60 weeks of age), were randomly assigned into a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement with three limestone particle sizes and three dietary Ca concentrations (30, 36 and 42 g/kg Ca); with 8 replicates per treatments, and one hen (individual) per experimental unit. 2. Particle sizes of the limestone were: distributions smaller than 2mm (Fine), between 2 to 5 mm (Medium), and larger than 5 mm (Large). The fine, medium and large limestone particles were all obtained from the same source, and sieve sizes used had screen sizes 2mm and 5 mm. 3. The different concentrations of dietary Ca, particle size or interactions had no significant effect on egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed intake or feed conversion ratio. 4. The concentrations of dietary Ca and particle sizes had no significant effect on egg breaking strength, eggshell as % by weight of whole egg or eggshell thickness. The interactions between Ca concentrations and particle sizes had a significant effect on eggshell breaking strength, but not on other parameters. 5. Different dietary particle sizes had no significant effect on the Ca, P and Mg mineral contents of eggshell. While the different concentrations of Ca in diets had a significant effect on the P content of eggshell, they had no significant effect on Ca and Mg contents. 6. Different dietary concentrations of Ca had a significant effect on shear stress, and Ca and Mg contents of tibiae, but not other parameters. Also, dietary particle sizes had a significant effect on shear stress and Ca contents of tibiae. The interaction between Ca concentrations and particle sizes had a significant effect on tibia shear force and Ca content. 7. According to the results of this study, moulted brown laying hens should be fed 36 g/kg Ca and a medium limestone particle size (2-5 mm) in the diet to maintain performance, eggshell and bone quality.Öğe EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ORGANIC AND INORGANIC SELENIUM LEVELS ON PERFORMANCE, SELENIUM CONCENTRATIONS OF SOME TISSUES, GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE ENZYME ACTIVITY AND MEAT QUALITY IN BROILERS(PAKISTAN AGRICULTURAL SCIENTISTS FORUM, 2016) Gocmen, R.; Yazgan, O.; Cufadar, Y.A total of 672 one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to eight experiment groups each having four replicate under completely randomized design. The experimental diets were prepared by adding certain amounts of organic (Sel-Plex-50) and inorganic Selenium (Se) (sodium selenite) sources that provided 0, 0.15, 0.30 and 0.60 ppm Se in the basal ration. The experimental period was six weeks. The results revealed that none of the performance parameters were influenced significantly by the treatments. Plasma and liver Se concentration significantly increased with increasing Se levels in the diet. Breast and thigh Se concentration affected by the (source x level interaction). The main significant effect of Se level was on the plasma and liver glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity, which increased with increasing Se levels in the diets. The treatments did not significantly influence thigh and breast pH, hardness, color criteria (L, a, b) or cook loss parameters. Dietary Se levels and sources had a significant effect on the water holding capacity of the breast. Selenium supplementation of broiler diets at the level of 0.60 ppm had a positive effect on tissues Se concentration. Considering the quality of meat, the organic Se source (0.60 ppm) was more effective than the inorganic Se source.Öğe The effect of replacing soya bean oil with glycerol in diets on performance, egg quality and egg fatty acid composition in laying hens(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2016) Cufadar, Y.; Gocmen, R.; Kanbur, G.The objective of this experiment was to replace soya bean oil with glycerol in laying hen diets and assess the change's effect on performance, parameters of egg quality and the egg fatty acid profile. A total of 60 44-week-old Hy-Line W36 laying hens were distributed according to a completely randomised experimental design into four treatments consisting of glycerol substitutions for soya bean oil dietary at varying inclusion levels (0%, 25%, 50% and 75%), with five replicates of three birds each. Dietary treatments had no significant effect on BW change, egg production, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg weight and egg mass of laying hens. The inclusion of glycerol in the diet of laying hens had no significant effect on egg specific gravity, eggshell breaking strength, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, egg shape index, albumen index, yolk index, haugh unit, albumen pH, yolk pH and egg yolk colour values. The inclusion of glycerol in the diet of laying hens had no significant effect on palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic and linolenic acid contents of the egg yolk. The linoleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents of the egg yolk significantly decreased with the higher levels of dietary glycerol supplementation (P<0.05). The results of this study show that it is possible to replace 75% of soya bean oil (4.5% in diet) with glycerol.Öğe Effects of boron and copper dietary supplementation in laying hens on egg shell quality, plasma and tibia mineral concentrations and bone biomechanical properties(ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2012) Olgun, O.; Yazgan, O.; Cufadar, Y.This study was conducted to determine the effects of supplementation of different boron and copper doses on eggshell quality, bone biomechanical properties. mineral concentrations in bone and plasma in laying hens. A total of 320 Lohmann laying hens, 26 weeks old, were randomly allotted in 16 equal groups according to the combined doses of boron (0, 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg) and copper (0.75. 150 and 300 mg/kg) added to the basal diets for 16 weeks. Eggshell quality parameters (frequency of damaged eggs, specific gravity, eggshell breaking strength, eggshell thickness, egg shell weight), bone biomechanical properties (cortex thickness, cortex cross section area, shear force, shear stress, fracture energy) and bone (tibia) and plasma mineral (B, Cu, Zn, Ca, P and Mg) concentrations were determined at the end of the experimental period. Added boron exhibited adverse effects on eggshell quality parameters (significant decrease in eggshell thickness) but has significantly promoted trace element (B, Cu and Zn) distribution and accumulation in bones without severely affecting bone Ca. P and Mg contents, and has significantly increased bone resistance (increases in cortex thickness, shear force, shear stress and fracture energy). Cu supplementation has not directly and significantly modified bone properties or B. Cu and Zn distribution and accumulation, although at 150 and 300 mg/kg Cu doses. the B fixation was exacerbated whereas the divalent ion accumulation was slightly depressed. In addition, the eggshell solidity was significantly improved (increases in specific gravity, eggshell breaking strength, eggshell thickness and eggshell weight). These results indicate that B and Cu supplementation interfere with trace element metabolism leading to improvement of egg shell quality (Cu) or to bone resistance (B).Öğe Effects of dietary organic and inorganic manganese supplementation on performance, egg quality and bone mineralisation in laying hens(ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2011) Yildiz, A. O.; Cufadar, Y.; Olgun, O.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different dosages of organic and inorganic manganese supplementation into diets on performance, egg quality and bone mineralization in laying hens. One hundred and fifty, 49 weeks old, H&N Brown Nick laying hens were assigned to 10 equal groups according to the diet regimen consisting in standard diet (based on corn and soybean meal) supplemented with Mn inorganic (Mn-sulphate) or organic (Mn-Bioplex) sources at 5 increasing doses (15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. Compared to the inorganic form, the Mn-Bioplex supplementation has significantly increased the body weight gains and the egg weight and reduced the percentage of damaged eggs. In parallel, the tibia cortex thickness and its cross area section were significantly enhanced, leading to a slight improvement in bone resistance. The bone proportions of mineral Ca and P elements have significantly increased according to the Mn doses but were not significantly affected by the Mn forms whereas the Mg percentage was significantly depressed with Mn-Bioplex. The tibial contents of Zn and Cu were maximal when low doses of Mn, mainly as Mn-sulphate, were used whereas the Mn accumulation in bone was mainly observed when Mn-Bioplex with doses above 30 mg/kg were used. These results sustained that organic Mn form supplementation positively affects the element distribution in the organism leading to improvement in the weight growth, the egg weight and in the bone solidity in laying hens.Öğe Effects of limestone particle size and dietary available Phosphorus (AP) contents on performance, eggshell quality and mineral excretion in laying hens(ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2013) Olgun, O.; Yildiz, A. O.; Cufadar, Y.The study was conducted in order to determine the influence of the limestone particle size and the available phosphorus (AP) contents in layer diets on performance, eggshell quality and mineral excretions. For that, 108 Hy-Line W36, 25 weeks old, were randomly allotted in 9 experimental groups according to the limestone particle size (fine (< 2 mm), medium (2-5 mm) and large (> 5 mm)) and to the AP contents (0.44, 0.55 and 0.66%) in diets distributed for 12 weeks. Performances (body weight, egg weight, egg production, egg mass, feed intake and food efficiency), eggshell qualities such as resistance, thickness, weight and mineral (Ca, P and Mg) accumulation) and mineral excretion were evaluated at the end of the experiment. The particle size and dietary AP content as main factors had no significant effect on food efficiency, egg weight, eggshell qualities and P and Mg eggshell accumulation. However, large particles have significantly decreased the egg production and mass, feed intake and the eggshell Ca amount but have significantly increased the Mg excretion. With 0.44% AP in diet, feed intake and Ca excretion were significantly depressed while eggshell Ca accumulation was enhanced and with 0.66% AP, the P excretion was markedly augmented. Considering interactions between the 2 factors, it was observed that maximal egg weight was obtained with fine particles associated with 0.44% AP and also with medium particles and 0.66% AP or large particles and 0.44% AP but with the 2 last regimens, feed intake, eggshell weight or resistance and Ca excretion were negatively affected in parallel, whereas Ca accumulation in eggshell was also amplified with fine particles and 0.44% AP. These results showed that fine limestone particles coupled to 0.44% AP in diets was the optimal combination for sustaining performance, egg production and qualities and limiting mineral excretion in laying hens.Öğe Effects of Xylanase Enzyme Supplementation to Corn/Wheat-Based Diets on Performance and Egg Quality in Laying Hens(Canadian Science Publishing, Nrc Research Press, 2010) Cufadar, Y.; Yıldız, A. Ö.; Olgun, O.Cufadar, Y., Yildiz, A. O. and Olgun, O. 2010. Effects of xylanase enzyme supplementation to corn/wheat-based diets on performance and egg quality in laying hens. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 90: 207-212. This study was conducted to determine the effects of xylanase supplementation of corn/wheat-based diets on the performance and egg quality of laying hens. At 52 wk of age, 180 White Leghorn LSL laying hens were fed 15 diets, consisting of five corn:wheat ratios and three levels of enzyme. None of the treatments affected performance or egg quality, except for egg yolk index and egg yolk color. The egg yolk color was improved by the increase in dietary corn level. It is concluded that wheat can be used instead of corn as an energy feedstuff in laying hen diets.
