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Öğe Briquetting properties of biomass waste materials(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2004) Demirbas, A; Sahin-Demirbas, A; Demirbas, AHIn this study, some briquetting properties such as moisture content, shatter index, compressive strength, water resistance, heating value, and combustion of briquettes from pulping reject and spruce wood sawdust were determined. The strongest briquettes ( shatter index 20500, compressive strength 49.5 MPa) produced using spruce wood sawdust were achieved with a moisture content of 15% at a briquetting pressure of 350 MPa. The effect of the moisture content on the compressive strength and the shatter index of the briquette samples from pulping reject and spruce sawdust were studied. The results suggest that as the moisture content of the briquette samples increased significantly, the compressive strength and shatter index of the briquettes also increased.Öğe Global energy sources, energy usage, and future developments(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2004) Demirbas, A; Sahin-Demirbas, A; Demirbas, AHEnergy affects all aspects of modern life. The demand for energy is increasing at an exponential rate due to the exponential growth of world population. Oil and gas are expected to continue to be important sources of energy. Contemporary electric power generation is based on non-renewable resources such as oil, coal, and nuclear power. New efficient and cost-effective small-scale renewable energy generation options are commercially available today. The share of renewable energy sources is expected to increase very significantly. Alternative energy technologies are being disseminated in many countries with an objective to reduce the uses of traditional and commercial energy sources. For each country, the choice between the various available options is strongly dependent on the local condition.