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Öğe Biogas production from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste(2006) Demirbas A.This article discusses the potential use of biogas from municipal landfills to fuel urban heat space in Turkey. Biogas can be obtained from digesting the organic material of municipal solid wastes (MSW). The composition of MSW varies by the source of waste; however, in all cases the major constituents of MSW are organic in nature and the organics account for more than 50% of MSW. The main constituents of landfill gas are methane and carbon dioxide, both of which are major contributors to global warming. The generation of methane is worthwhile after one year from the start of the landfill operation. The compositional characteristics of MSW vary considerably from the large cities to the small towns and regions in Turkey. The social and demographic factors for each region are very different.Öğe Current advances in alternative motor fuels(Multi-Science Publishing Co. Ltd, 2003) Demirbas A.The most popular alternative motor fuels are bioethanol, biodiesel, hydrogen and boron. There are also interests in methyl and ethyl alcohols, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, p-series, electricity, and solar fuels were concluded as alternative engine fuels. Alternative engine fuels are fuels competitive to petroleum. These fuels are important because they replace petroleum fuels. There are many benefits the environment, economy and consumers in using alternative fuels. There are also dependencies on production and lifting costs but these are not considered in detail here.Öğe Production of biofuels with special emphasis on biodiesel(CRC Press, 2008) Demirbas A.Biodiesel, an alternative biodegradable diesel fuel, is a renewable fuel that can be produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, and used cooking oil, including triglycerides. It is derived from triglycerides by transesterification with methanol and ethanol. Concerns about the depletion of diesel fuel reserves and the pollution caused by the continuously increasing energy demands make biodiesel an attractive alternative motor fuel for compression ignition engines. There are four different ways of modifying vegetable oils and fats to use them as diesel fuel, such as pyrolysis/cracking, dilution with hydrocarbons blending, emulsification, and transesterification. The most commonly used process is the transesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats. © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
