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Öğe Biodiversity of Heat Resistance Soil Microfungi in Agricultural Areas of Eskisehir Province(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2019) Ayva, Fatma; Ouzeır, Goulsoum; Demirel, Rasime; Şen, Burhan; Asan, Ahmet; Kadaifçiler, DuyguIsıya dayanıklı mikro mantarlar 75°C'de 30 dakika ısıya dayanabilir ve oda koşullarında depolama sırasında ürünlerde gelişmeye ve bunlarda bozulmaya devam edebilir. Bu ısı direncindeki en önemli rol, askospor adı verilen eşeyli üreme yapıları oluşturma yeteneğine dayanmaktadır ve askosporların ısı direnci; türlere, strainlere, pH, ısıtma ortamı ve diğer büyüme koşullarına bağlıdır. Byssochlamys fulva (geçerli isim; Paecilomyces fulvus), ilk kaydedilen ısıya dayanıklı mikrofungusdur ve buna ilave olarak B. nivea (geçerli isim; B. lagunculariae), Neosartorya fischeri (geçerli isim; Aspergillus fischeri), Talaromyces macrosporus, T. bacillisporus ve Eupenicillium brefeldianum (geçerli isim; P. dodgei) en yaygın ısıya dayanıklı mikrofunguslardır. Çalışmamızda, Eskişehir ilinin tarım topraklarındaki ısıya dayanıklı mikrofungusların biyoçeşitliliği araştırıldı. Bu amaçla, Eylül 2017'de Eskişehir ilinin doğu, batı, kuzey ve güney bölgelerindeki nadas alanlarından dört farklı toprak örneği toplanmıştır. Toprak örneklerinden ısıl işlemi ve toprak seyreltme yöntemi kullanılarak izolasyon işlemi yapılmıştır. Saflaştırma aşamasından sonra, geleneksel yöntemler ve çoklu lokus gen dizilimi kullanılarak izolatlar teşhis edilmiştir. Aspergillus, Byssochlamys, Penicillium ve Talaromyces cinslerine ait 49 izolat ve ısıya dirençli mikrofunguslara ait toplam 3.22x103 cfu/g koloni tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, tarımsal toprakların, mikotoksijenik, patojenik ve saprofitik olarak bilinen yüksek ısıya dirençli mikrofungal biyolojik çeşitliliğe sahip olduğunu belirlenmiştir.Öğe Effect of combinations of salt and temperature on morphological characteristics of microfungi(Selçuk Üniversitesi, Mantarcılık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Müdürlüğü, 2018) Kayış, Orkun; İlhan, Semra; Demirel, RasimeAim of this study is investigation of effects of different salt and temperature combinations on morphological characteristics of microfungi that were isolated and identified with traditional and molecular methods from Çamaltı Saltern/İzmir. A total of 37 species as 3 species belong to Alternaria, 13 Aspergillus, 2 Chaetomium, 5 Cladosporium, 9 Penicillium, and 1 species belong to each species as Acremonium, Arthrinium, Biscogniaxua, Diaporthe, Fusarium were used in this study. Using aseptic techniques, each of the microfungi were inoculated on Mat Extract Agar medium that was added 8%, 16%, 24% NaCI. Each concentration media was incubated at 17, 27, 37 ? at 7 days. After incubation of each cultures were investigated spore formation, mycelium diameter, colony front and back colour, colony texture, colony diameters, sclerotium and cleistothecium. All results were collected in a table and photographed. As a result of the study, we showed that combination of different NaCl concentrations and temperatures have affected on colony properties. Furthermore, these effects revealed morphological differences between closely related fungi such as members of section Versicolor, Aspergillus, Clavati, Circumdati, Flavi, Penicillium subgenus Penicillium.Öğe Haloalkalitolerant and Haloalkaliphilic Fungal Diversity of Acıgöl/Turkey(Selçuk Üniversitesi, Mantarcılık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Müdürlüğü, 2021) Ayva, Fatma; Demirel, Rasime; İlhan, Semra; Çiğdem, Uğur; Zorluer, Niyazi Can; İrdem, Emine; Özbiçen, Ercan; Ocak, Esma; Tunca, Gamze; Kyzy, Lira UsakbekMicrofungi are the most common microorganisms found in range from environment. They are well known as producer of some product in industrial and food fields, decomposer of organic matter, of important mycotoxins, reason major economic and health effects on plant, animal and human life. Because of these reasons, studies on the determination of biodiversity of microfungi are vitally important. Aim of this study is investigation of biodiversity of microfungi in Acıgöl Lake that is the second largest alkaline lake in the world. For this purpose, the water sample was compositely taken from a saltern of Acıgöl Lake in November 2019. The samples have been analysed in terms of pH, and salinity. To isolate and enumerate the fungal species from water, filtration method and different DRBC medium types were used. Salt tolerance range of isolates were determinated. A total of 260 CFUs/L and 65 CFUs/L were counted from DRBC and DRBC28 media, respectively. After purification steps, totally 52 isolates were obtained and identified by using conventional methods and multi locus genes sequencing. The results indicated that the Acıgöl Lake Region has rich for Aspergillus (25%) and Penicillium (27%) genera, respectively. Although other members of the genus were determined in the region, other members were found to be 48% in total. In addition, Cladosporium acalypha and Penicillium sizovae was determined as a new recorded for Turkey. The fact that the microfungus biodiversity determined by this study has the ability to produce toxins (such as Aspergillus flavus), contains pathogenic (such as plant pathogen Fusarium genus members) and saprophyte species, has been identified as an issue to be considered for public health.Öğe Molecular identification and Phylogeny of some Hypocreales members isolated from agricultural soils(Selçuk Üniversitesi, Mantarcılık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Müdürlüğü, 2017) Demirel, RasimeHypocreanlean fungi are include important plant pathogens around the world. Head blight and crown rot disease of cereals caused by these species are responsible for large economic losses due to reduction in seed quality and contamination of grain with their mycotoxins. Although morphologic and biochemical tests are still fundamental there is an increasing more towards molecular diagnostics of these fungi. This paper reviews to PCR identification of Hypocreanlean fungi isolated from agricultural soil from Eskisehir. Five Hypocreanlean fungi belong to 4 different genera as Bionectria, Fusarium, Gibberella and Nectria were isolated from 56 soil samples. DNA of these strains were isolated by glass beads and vortexing extraction method and used for PCR amplification with universal fungal specific primers. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of fungal ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were sequenced by CEQ 8000 Genetic Analysis System. The ITS-5.8S sequences obtained in this study were compared with those deposited in the GenBank Database. Phylogenetic position of investigated closely related Hypocreanlean fungi was determined.Öğe Preliminary Study on the Determination of Heat Resistant Fungi in Agricultural Soils(Selçuk Üniversitesi, Mantarcılık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Müdürlüğü, 2019) Sezen, Suat; Demirel, RasimeHeat resistant fungi are capable of surviving temperature at short heat applications. These organisms continue to growing and metabolic activities. Therefore, they cause spoilage of food products and effect on health because of mycotoxin production. This study focused on determination of density and biodiversity of heat resistant fungi in agricultural soil samples. For this aim, two different soil samples were collected from agricultural lands at June 2018. Isolation process was performed by using main soil dilution method after heat treatment at 75°C for 30 minutes of diluted soil samples. After incubation at 25°C for 7-14 days, all colonies were purified. All of the isolates were diagnosed by using conventional methods according to the macromorphological and micromorphological properties. We determined 11 species belong to Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Humicola, Penicillium and Taloromyces genera. As a result of this study, we showed that agricultural soil areas have a potential for heat resistance fungi biodiversity and exhibited that we should concentrate on this subject with investigation of different areas and sources.Öğe Single name nomenclature of fungi and its some reflections since 2011 especially in Turkey(Selçuk Üniversitesi, Mantarcılık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Müdürlüğü, 2019) Asan, Ahmet; Giray, Gülay; Demirel, Rasime; Aydoğdu, HalideDespite some opposing mycologists in the fungal systematics, dual nomenclature (meaning that a perfect i.e. sexually reproducing fungal species different name, the same species as an imperfect i.e. that fungus has asexual reproduction different name given) was quitted along with publishing “The Amsterdam Declaration on Fungal Nomenclature”. Developments related to the subject since 2011 and the effects of the single fungal taxonomic system are discussed. Full implementation of the single name nomenclature system may take a long time. It is difficult to abandon the fungal names in the publications before 2013, and these sources are still used in all over the world. Change can take place over time. It is seen that the old name of some species whose name is changed is still used in many publications.Öğe Single name nomenclature of fungi and its some reflections since 2011 especially in Turkey(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2019) Giray, Gulay; Asan, Ahmet; Demirel, Rasime; Aydoğdu, HalideDespite some opposing mycologists in the fungal systematics, dual nomenclature (meaning that a perfect i.e. sexually reproducing fungal species different name, the same species as an imperfect i.e. that fungus has asexual reproduction different name given) was quitted along with publishing “The Amsterdam Declaration on Fungal Nomenclature”. Developments related to the subject since 2011 and the effects of the single fungal taxonomic system are discussed. Full implementation of the single name nomenclature system may take a long time. It is difficult to abandon the fungal names in the publications before 2013, and these sources are still used in all over the world. Change can take place over time. It is seen that the old name of some species whose name is changed is still used in many publications.
